The study was conducted at a private hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, as a randomized controlled experimental trial with a pretest-posttest approach. The study included 70 patients in each group, for a total of 140 patients. Necessary institutional and ethical approvals were obtained. Participants were assigned to the experimental and control groups according to a randomization list previously prepared by the researchers. Data collection was conducted online using Google Forms, and interviews were conducted using Zoom. Participant Information Form, Perceived Stress Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
140
This 30-minute group therapy session will be provided online.
This group 30-minute therapy session will be provided online.
Health Science University
Istanbul, Üsküdar, Turkey (Türkiye)
Personal Information Form
Personal Information Form: This form was developed based on literature. It includes sociodemographic data such as age, gender, educational status, etc.
Time frame: 1. day
he Perceived Stress Scale
The Perceived Stress Scale was developed by Cohen, Kamarck, and Mermelstein (1983). The Perceived Stress Level Scale, consisting of 14 items, is designed to measure the degree to which a person perceives certain situations in their life as stressful. The scale is a 5-point Likert-type scale, with each item ranging from "Never (0)" to "Very often (4)." Seven of the items are positively worded and are reverse-scored. Standardization studies for the scale's use in Turkey were conducted by Baltaş et al. (1998). The total score obtained from the scale indicates an individual's stress level. Scores between 11 and 26 indicate low stress, scores between 27 and 41 indicate moderate stress, and scores between 42 and 56 indicate high stress (Baltaş et al., 1998).
Time frame: 1. day
The Perceived Stress Scale
The Perceived Stress Scale was developed by Cohen, Kamarck, and Mermelstein (1983). The Perceived Stress Level Scale, consisting of 14 items, is designed to measure the degree to which a person perceives certain situations in their life as stressful. The scale is a 5-point Likert-type scale, with each item ranging from "Never (0)" to "Very often (4)." Seven of the items are positively worded and are reverse-scored. Standardization studies for the scale's use in Turkey were conducted by Baltaş et al. (1998). The total score obtained from the scale indicates an individual's stress level. Scores between 11 and 26 indicate low stress, scores between 27 and 41 indicate moderate stress, and scores between 42 and 56 indicate high stress (Baltaş et al., 1998).
Time frame: 90. day
Beck Depression Inventory
Beck Depression Inventory: Developed by Beck, this scale is used to determine individuals' risk for depression and to measure the level and severity of depression symptoms. The Turkish validity and reliability of the scale was conducted by Hisli. The 21-item scale provides a four-point Likert-type measurement. Each item on the scale receives a progressively increasing score from 0 to 3, and the total score ranges from 0 to 63. A higher total score is considered an indicator of more severe depression. In the validity and reliability study of the BDI, scores obtained from the BDI were interpreted as follows: 0-13 points indicating no depression; 14-19 points indicating low depression; 20-18 points indicating moderate depression; and 29-63 points indicating high depression.
Time frame: 1. day
Beck Depression Inventory
Beck Depression Inventory: Developed by Beck, this scale is used to determine individuals' risk for depression and to measure the level and severity of depression symptoms. The Turkish validity and reliability of the scale was conducted by Hisli. The 21-item scale provides a four-point Likert-type measurement. Each item on the scale receives a progressively increasing score from 0 to 3, and the total score ranges from 0 to 63. A higher total score is considered an indicator of more severe depression. In the validity and reliability study of the BDI, scores obtained from the BDI were interpreted as follows: 0-13 points indicating no depression; 14-19 points indicating low depression; 20-18 points indicating moderate depression; and 29-63 points indicating high depression.
Time frame: 90. day
Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)
Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI): Developed by Beck et al., the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a self-report instrument used to determine the frequency of anxiety symptoms experienced by individuals. The 21-item scale is a 4-point Likert-type scale scored from 0 to 3. Based on BAI scores, patients' anxiety levels are classified as follows: 0-17 points indicate low anxiety, 18-24 points indicate moderate anxiety, and 25 and above indicate high anxiety. Higher values from the total scale indicate higher anxiety levels, while lower values indicate lower anxiety levels. Adapted to Turkish by Ulusoy, the original version of the scale reported a Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient of 0.92, and test-retest reliability coefficients of r=0.75 and r=0.67. In the adaptation study conducted in Turkey, the Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient was reported as 0.93, and test-retest reliability was reported as 0.57. It is stated that the item total correlation coefficients
Time frame: 1. day
Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)
Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI): Developed by Beck et al., the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a self-report instrument used to determine the frequency of anxiety symptoms experienced by individuals. The 21-item scale is a 4-point Likert-type scale scored from 0 to 3. Based on BAI scores, patients' anxiety levels are classified as follows: 0-17 points indicate low anxiety, 18-24 points indicate moderate anxiety, and 25 and above indicate high anxiety. Higher values from the total scale indicate higher anxiety levels, while lower values indicate lower anxiety levels. Adapted to Turkish by Ulusoy, the original version of the scale reported a Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient of 0.92, and test-retest reliability coefficients of r=0.75 and r=0.67. In the adaptation study conducted in Turkey, the Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient was reported as 0.93, and test-retest reliability was reported as 0.57. It is stated that the item total correlation coefficients
Time frame: 90. day
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