Parkinson's disease is a slowly progressing disease that affects the motor and non-motor functions of an individual. Periodontitis is an inflammatory chronic disease resulting in the destruction of tooth supporting structures. Inflammation has been identified as an important factor in both diseases. Given this common mechanism, the question arises as to how they may affect each other when both diseases occur together. In this study, we compared the metabolism of tryptophan, a natural amino acid of the human body, and observed whether such a process provides a biological link between periodontitis and Parkinson's disease. We extracted the saliva and blood samples of patients of Parkinson's disease and periodontitis, patients of periodontitis and healthy human beings. Comparisons between the three were made, and it was found that levels of some metabolites of tryptophan were higher in the patients of both diseases. These findings raise the possibility of a close biological connection between periodontal and brain health. Through an increased understanding of this connection in the future, new approaches for diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease and periodontitis may be developed.
Saliva and serum samples were collected from 20 Stage III, Grade B periodontitis patients with PAD (Parkinson+periodontitis group) and without PAD (periodontitis group), and 20 periodontally and systemically healthy (control group). Samples were analyzed for TRP, KYN, KYN/TRP ratio, KYNA, 3OHKYN, picolinic acid (PA), and quinolinic acid (QA) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clinical periodontal parameters \[plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP)\] were recorded.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
60
Saliva were collected to analyze the selected markers as unstimulated samples during the early hours of the day. The saliva was centrifuged and then transferred into Eppendorf tubes. Venous puncture was performed after saliva collection and 10 mL of blood samples were collected by qualified staff from each participant. Saliva and serum were then stored at -80 °C until analysis.
Saliva were collected to analyze the selected markers as unstimulated samples during the early hours of the day. The saliva was centrifuged and then transferred into Eppendorf tubes. Venous puncture was performed after saliva collection and 10 mL of blood samples were collected by qualified staff from each participant. Saliva and serum were then stored at -80 °C until analysis.
Istanbul Medipol University, School of Dentistry
Istanbul, Fatih, Turkey (Türkiye)
Pocket probing depth
Measurement of the depth of a sulcus or periodontal pocket determined by measuring distance from a gingival margin to the base of the sulcus or pocket with a calibrated periodontal probe.
Time frame: 6 months
Clinical attachment level
Clinical attachment level (or loss, CAL) is a more accurate indicator of the periodontal support around a tooth than probing depth alone. CAL is measured from a fixed point on the tooth that does not change, the CEJ. To calculate CAL, two measurements are needed: distance from the gingival margin to the CEJ and probing depth. In recession: probing depth (+) gingival margin to the CEJ (add). In tissue overgrowth: probing depth (-) gingival margin to the CEJ (subtract)
Time frame: 6 months
Bleeding on probing
referring to bleeding that is induced by gentle manipulation of the tissue at the depth of the gingival sulcus, or interface between the gingiva and a tooth.
Time frame: 6 months
Saliva and serum samples processing and analyses
Samples were analyzed for TRP, KYN, KYN/TRP ratio, KYNA, 3OHKYN, picolinic acid (PA), and quinolinic acid (QA) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Time frame: 1 month
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