the Objectives of this clinical trial is : 1. examine the effect of using elastic compression stockings in the prevention of muscle cramps among hemodialysis patients. 2. Find out the difference between the effect of compression stockings in the prevention of muscle cramps with patients' sociodemographic and clinical data.
Intradialytic muscles cramps are frequent complication, and common cause of early hemodialysis (HD) termination. These cramps are thought to be precipitated by intradialytic venous stasis and reduced tissue perfusion. Elastic compression stockings (ECS), compress the calf and thigh to counteract venous pooling, and increase venous return.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
82
Patients in the Compression stockings group firmly wrapped compression stockings around their calves for 30 minutes, starting at the end of the second hour and continuing until the beginning of the third hour of the hemodialysis session. This was performed once per day for a single hemodialysis session.
Imam AL-Hassan AL-Mujtaba Teaching Hospital
Karbala, Karbala Governorate, Iraq
Imam Al-Hussein Medical City (Habib Ibn Mudaher Al-Asadi center)
Karbala, Karbala Governorate, Iraq
Cramp Questionnaire Chart
The instrument was developed by Morris (2014), and permission was obtained from the author. It was used in the study to assess patients' muscle cramps. This scale is composed of five features of muscle cramps: frequency, duration, pain level, leg temperature, and discomfort. These features are comprehensively scored as a level of muscle cramps ranging from 0 to 13.
Time frame: Baseline (pre-hemodialysis) and immediately post-hemodialysis, within a single session
Visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain
The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is a validated, subjective scale for acute and chronic pain. It was initially introduced by Hayes and Patterson in 1921. Scoring involved self-reported symptom scales that are scored with a single handwritten mark placed at a single point along a 10 cm line representing continuity between the two ends of the scale - "no pain" at the left end (0 cm) of the scale and "worst pain" at the right end of the scale (10 cm).
Time frame: Baseline (pre-hemodialysis) and immediately post-hemodialysis, within a single session
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