The study was conducted at the Division of Periodontology, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Dentistry. Participants were systemically healthy individuals aged 18 to 70 who had received dental implant prostheses within the past five years and had high-quality panoramic radiographs. The peri-implant status of the subjects was evaluated using various indices and radiographic analyses in accordance with Chicago's Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. Additionally, measurements of gingival thickness, gingival phenotype, keratinized gingival width, and emergence angle were performed.
Patient histories were collected from those who met the study criteria, and panoramic radiographs were taken. A total of 310 implants were initially assessed, and 192 implants were selected for inclusion in the study. All implant patients underwent an evaluation of plaque index , gingival index, bleeding on probing , pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and gingival recession. The peri-implant condition was determined using these indices and radiographs, in accordance with the guidelines from the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions and the 2023 European Federation of Periodontology. Patients were categorized into three groups: peri-implantitis (64), peri-implant health (64), and peri-implant mucositis (64). Additionally, gingival thickness (GT), keratinized gingival width (KGW), and gingival phenotype (GP) around the implants were measured, and the emergence angle (EA) of the implants was calculated.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
192
The emergence angles of the implants were measured on panoramic radiographs.
Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Dentistry Faculty
Bolu, Turkey (Türkiye)
Emergence angle
EA was determined by measuring the angle formed between the long axis of the implant and a tangent line drawn to the restoration. A line was initially drawn along the long axis of the implant at its outside collar. Subsequently, a second line, tangent to the restoration, was drawn from the platform. The angle at which the junction occurred was recorded as the EA .
Time frame: Baseline
periodontal pocket depth
The periodontal pocket depth is the measurement of the distance between the gingival margin and the most coronal region of the junctional epithelium.
Time frame: Baseline
bleeding on probing
The bleeding on probing index was established as the occurrence of bleeding in the sulcus, thirty seconds after measuring the depth of the periodontal pockets in all dental implant.
Time frame: Baseline
plaque index
an index for estimating the status of oral hygiene by measuring dental plaque that occurs in the areas adjacent to the gingival margin. 0 is minimum and 3 is maximum. The situation worsens as the score increases.
Time frame: Baseline
gingival index
The Gingival Index (GI) scores each site on a 0 to 3 scale, with 0 being normal and 3 being severe inflammation characterized by edema, redness, swelling, and spontaneous bleeding. 0 is minimum and 3 is maximum.
Time frame: Baseline
clinical attachment level
The peri-implant clinical attachment level is determined by measuring the distance from the implant margin to the base of the mucosal sulcus using a Williams periodontal probe.
Time frame: Baseline
Gingival recession
Gingival recession is the measured distance between the enamel-cementum and the gingival margin. Assessment was performed using a Williams periodontal probe.
Time frame: Baseline
gingival thickness
GT was measured by inserting a number eight canal file from the buccal side of the implant until it reached the alveolar bone and then securing it with a stopper to determine the distance.
Time frame: Baseline
keratinized tissue width
The width of the keratinized gingiva was measured via a periodontal probe from the mucogingival margin to the gingival margin.
Time frame: Baseline
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.