Anxiety in Cataract Patients Using Preoperative Music Therapy

Inclusion Criteria: * Meets the diagnostic criteria for cataract * Age ≤ 90 years * Scheduled for phacoemulsification with IOL implantation under topical anesthesia at the Ophthalmology Department of Guangzhou First People's Hospital * Voluntarily participates and provides signed informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Requires complex and prolonged surgery, such as: 1. Shallow anterior chamber with risk of glaucoma 2. Advanced cataracts with hard nuclei 3. Small pupils * Has hearing impairment or communication difficulties * Shows significant anxiety/depression tendencies or has a history of mental illness with prior/current use of sedatives * Refuses to participate, or has difficulty understanding/answering questionnaires, or has cognitive impairments * Uses medications that may affect cortisol and cardiovascular reactivity, including: 1. Oral contraceptives 2. Thyroid drugs 3. Steroids 4. Psychotropic drugs * Diagnosed with autoimmune diseases (e.g., Sjögren's syndrome) or oral diseases with inflammation/active lesions