The goal of this study is to develop smoking health risk messaging targeted to adults who smoke some days, but not smoke every day (nondaily). The main purpose is to learn what type of smoking health risk messages will be most likely to encourage adults nondaily to quit completely. Aim 1will iteratively obtain qualitative feedback from adults smoking nondaily on initial message designs, resulting in 12 final messages. Aim 2 will test message properties using a 2 (health vs. social messages) x 2 (positive vs. negative messages) between subjects design to ascertain which messages promote proximal outcomes associated with quitting cigarettes (e.g., new knowledge, risk perceptions, motivation and intentions to quit).
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
320
Participants will view 3 messages within the assigned condition (PH, PS, NH, NS) in a random order. Each message will be displayed for a minimum of 30 seconds.
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky, United States
Change in Knowledge
Knowledge will be assessed with items based on the ITC-4 (International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey) that map onto information presented in the messages (e.g., "Does smoking cause…" heart disease, lung cancer in others; Yes, No, I don't know)
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 1 hour)
Change in Worry
Worry will be assessed with 4 items, "How \[worried, anxious, fearful, concerned\] are you about the effects of smoking?" (1=Not at all, 7=Extremely).
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 1 hour)
Change in Risk perception
Risk perceptions will be assessed with 3 items, "If you \[don't/do\] quit smoking for good, what are your chances of ever developing a smoking-related health problem?" and "How susceptible do you feel you are to developing a smoking-related health problem?" (1=Lowest susceptibility, 7=Highest susceptibility). These will be averaged to form a measure of personal absolute risk
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 1 hour)
Change in the Contemplation Ladder
Motivation to quit will be measured with the Contemplation Ladder, rating the position on an 11-rung ladder (0-10) corresponding to stages from "no thought of quitting" (0) to "taking action" (10)
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 1 hour)
Change in the Motivation to Stop Scale
Motivation to quit will be measured with the Motivation to Stop Scale, Level of motivation to stop smoking is measured with seven response categories ranging from 1 (lowest) to level 7 (highest level of motivation to stop smoking)
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 1 hour)
Change in intention to quit
Intention to quit will be measured with the question "What best describes your intent to stop smoking completely, not even a puff?" (1=Never expect to quit, 4=Will quit in the next 30 days)
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (approximately 1 hour)
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