The Effect of Hydroxytyrosol Administration on Superoxide Dismutase, Pulsatility Index and Resistance Index of Uterine Artery Doppler and Flow-Mediated Dilatation of Brachial Artery In Mothers With Hypertension In Pregnancy

Change in superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels measured by colorimetric assay from baseline to week 4.

To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of hydroxytyrosol supplementation by comparing the change in superoxide dismutase (SOD) between the hydroxytyrosol and placebo groups after 4 weeks. This examination utilizes blood serum as the test specimen. The reagent kit employed is the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Colorimetric Assay Kit (Zellbio GmbH, Germany; Cat: ZX-44108-192, Lot: ZX25003G). Measurements are conducted using a Biorad model 680 Microplate Reader (Bio-rad Laboratories Inc., CA, USA), integrated with Microplate Manager software version 5.2.1 (Bio-rad Laboratories Inc., CA, USA). The sensitivity of the device utilized in this study is 0.044 U/mL.

Time frame: Baseline and Week 4

Change in Pulsatility Index (PI) of the uterine artery Doppler from baseline to week 4.

To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of hydroxytyrosol supplementation by comparing the change Pulsatility Index (PI) of the uterine artery Doppler between the hydroxytyrosol and placebo groups after 4 weeks. All uterine artery doppler examinations are performed using an ultrasound machine (GE Voluson E10, E8, P8, GE Medical Systems, Austria) equipped with a 2-7 MHz convex abdominal probe to obtain the uterine artery flow velocity waveforms. The insonation angle is maintained near 0 degree (\<30 degrees), ensuring the peak systolic velocity are greater than 60 cm/second.

Time frame: Baseline and Week 4

Change in Resistance Index (RI) of the uterine artery Doppler from baseline to week 4.

To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of hydroxytyrosol supplementation by comparing the change Resistance Index (RI) of the uterine artery Doppler between the hydroxytyrosol and placebo groups after 4 weeks. All uterine artery doppler examinations are performed using an ultrasound machine (GE Voluson E10, E8, P8, GE Medical Systems, Austria) equipped with a 2-7 MHz convex abdominal probe to obtain the uterine artery flow velocity waveforms. The insonation angle is maintained near 0 degree (\<30 degrees), ensuring the peak systolic velocity are greater than 60 cm/second.

Time frame: Baseline and Week 4

Change in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of brachial artery measured by an ultrasound from baseline to week 4.

To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of hydroxytyrosol supplementation by comparing the change in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of brachial artery between the hydroxytyrosol and placebo groups after 4 weeks. All FMD of brachial artery examinations are using a GE Voluson P6 ultrasound machine equipped with a 5-13 MHz transducer, and performed by a single operator.

Time frame: Baseline and Week 4