Stress Ball and Music to Reduce Anxiety and Pain in Platelet Apheresis

Overview

This study was conducted as a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of stress ball use-a distraction and attention-directing method-and music listening, which targets the auditory sensory pathway, on anxiety, stress, and pain levels in platelet apheresis donors beyond routine care. The study sample consisted of 102 donors aged 18 to 55 years who were donating platelets for the first time at a university hospital blood transfusion center. The participants were divided into three groups: 34 in the stress ball group, 34 in the music listening group, and 34 in the control group. Data were collected using the Donor Information Form, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, the Distress Thermometer (DT), and the Donor Follow-up Chart. During platelet apheresis, participants in the stress ball group were instructed to squeeze a stress ball for 30 minutes, those in the music group listened to instrumental music for 30 minutes, and the control group received only routine care without any additional intervention.

Data Collection and Evaluation Process Pre-Implementation Phase Before starting the study, a pilot test was conducted with 10% of the individuals representing the study sample to evaluate the understandability and usability of the scales and forms to be used as data collection tools, as well as to assess the feasibility of stress ball and music interventions. Based on the results of the pilot study, necessary revisions were made to the study content, forms, stress ball application, and music intervention, and the final version of the study protocol was created. Data obtained from the pilot study were not included in the main analysis. Implementation Phase Donors who met the inclusion criteria were informed by the researchers about the purpose, design, and method of the study. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants using separate Informed Consent Forms prepared for each group. Stress Ball Group Ten minutes before the platelet apheresis procedure, participants completed the Donor Information Form, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Distress Thermometer (DT), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) as a pre-test through face-to-face interviews. Vital signs were recorded on the Donor Monitoring Chart. When the platelet apheresis procedure began, a stress ball was placed in the donor's hand. Participants were instructed to squeeze the ball at their preferred frequency for a total of 30 minutes during the apheresis procedure. Five minutes after the donation was completed, the BAI, DT, and VAS were administered again as post-tests. Vital signs were recorded on the Donor Follow-up Table, indicating that the study procedure was complete. Music Listening Group Ten minutes before the platelet apheresis procedure, participants completed the Donor Information Form, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Distress Thermometer (DT), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) as pre-tests through face-to-face interviews. Their vital signs were recorded on the Donor Follow-up Chart. After the platelet apheresis procedure began, instrumental music composed of Classical Turkish Music modes was played for 30 minutes through the center's speaker system. Five minutes after the donation was completed, the BAI, DT, and VAS were administered again as post-tests. Vital signs were recorded, and the study procedure was concluded. Control Group Ten minutes before the platelet apheresis procedure, participants completed the Donor Information Form, BAI, DT, and VAS as pre-tests through face-to-face interviews. Their vital signs were recorded on the Donor Follow-up Chart. During the platelet apheresis procedure, no additional intervention was applied to the donors in the control group, and they continued to receive routine care. Five minutes after the procedure was completed, the BAI, DT, and VAS were administered again as post-tests. Vital signs were recorded, and the study was concluded. Ethical Considerations Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the institutional ethics committee (research protocol number: 2023.03.01.03). Written permission was also obtained from the institution where the study was conducted. The identities of the researchers and the data obtained from the study were kept confidential.