This prospective randomized controlled trial evaluates whether intraoperative binaural beats reduce the remimazolam dose required for general anesthesia in 88 adults undergoing breast surgery. Patients are assigned to binaural beats or silent earphones, and the primary outcome is total intraoperative remimazolam consumption.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
88
Participants receive binaural beats via earphones from OR entry until end of surgery.
Participants wear identical earphones but receive no audio stimulation.
Total intraoperative remimazolam dose
Total amount of remimazolam administered during general anesthesia
Time frame: From induction of anesthesia to end of surgery
Total intraoperative remifentanil dose
Total remifentanil administered using target-controlled infusion.
Time frame: Intraoperative period
BIS
BIS levels measured continuously.
Time frame: Intraoperative period
Postoperative analgesic use
Amount of opioids, non-opioid analgesics administered.
Time frame: PACU until Postoperative day 1
Heart rate
Heart rate during operation
Time frame: intraoperative
blood pressure
blood pressure during surgery
Time frame: intraoperative
SpO₂
saturation during surgery
Time frame: intraoperative
Postoperative antiemetic use
Amount of antiemetics administered.
Time frame: PACU until Postoperative day 1
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