Study on the Efficacy of Temporal Interference Stimulation (TIS) for Parkinson's Disease

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Adult males or females aged 40 years or above; 2. Diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease according to the UK Brain Bank Criteria, with onset after 40 years of age; 3. Previous or current dopaminergic replacement therapy (e.g., levodopa) with good response; (4) Hoehn and Yahr (H\&Y) stage 1.5-2.5; 4. Ability to walk independently without assistive devices for at least 5 minutes; 5. Absence of severe freezing of gait (FOG); 6. Disease duration ≥2 years since diagnosis, with stable clinical condition and ability to comply with study assessments and interventions; 7. Stable medication dosage for at least 4 weeks prior to the study; 8. Hoehn and Yahr (H\&Y) stage 1.5-2.5; 9. Signed informed consent, with the participant or legal guardian capable of understanding and willing to participate in the study. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Presence of other neurological disorders that may interfere with the study 2. Mild or greater cognitive impairment (MoCA score ≤23) 3. Orthopedic or other health conditions that may affect gait or balance 4. Contraindications to MRI scanning, such as claustrophobia 5. History of antipsychotic, antidepressant, or other medications that may affect dopamine levels 6. Other significant psychiatric history 7. Contraindications including history of epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, or implanted metal devices in the brain or heart (e.g., stimulators, pacemakers) 8. History of electroconvulsive therapy 9. Concurrent participation in other gait- or balance-related intervention training 10. Physician-diagnosed cardiovascular risk factors for exercise.