Efficacy and Safety of HMAs Combined With Venetoclax Versus HMAs Alone in ND Int-and H-risk MDS or CMML

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age ≥18 years old, male or female; 2. MDS or CMML diagnosed by the 2016 or 222 WHO criteria, with a sustained survival of at least 12 weeks; 3. received more than two cycles of Venetoclax plus HMAs or HMAs alone without prior disease specific or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell therapy (before initiating Venetoclax or HMAs, Medications such as hydroxyurea were allowed to reduce the white-cell count to 1.0×109 per liter or less.) ; 4. bone marrow blast cell count (BM blast \> 5%) or IPSS-R score \> 3 (intermediate risk, high risk, very high risk); 5. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≤2; 6. complete case information could be obtained. Exclusion Criteria: 1. patients who did not meet the inclusion criteria; 2. inability to obtain complete case information or to follow protocol steps or follow up on time; 3. other conditions considered by the investigators to be unsuitable for inclusion.