SX-682 and Atezolizumab for the Treatment of Advanced or Metastatic, Recurrent Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18 years and older * Ability to understand and willingness to sign a written informed consent document * Pathologically or cytologically confirmed non-small cell lung cancer with no known oncogenic EGFR mutation, ALK fusion, ROS1 fusion or RET fusions. * For participants with NSCLC harboring an oncogenic alteration other than the above must have received prior targeted therapy (e.g. small molecule inhibitor therapy or antibody drug conjugates). A wash-out of at least 5 half-lives is required prior to start of study treatment * Metastatic or recurrent NSCLC. Stage 3C per 8th edition TNM stage classification is allowed if not amenable to curative surgery or radiation per investigator judgment * Participants must have received and progressed on at least 6 weeks of treatment with prior anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapy for advanced disease. Also, participants must have received prior platinum doublet chemotherapy. Anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapy may have been received concurrently with chemotherapy or as sequential therapy (e.g. anti-PD1 followed by chemotherapy). * For participants who received neoadjuvant, adjuvant and/or consolidation anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapy for stage 1 - 3 NSCLC: If they experienced disease progression ≤ 365 days from initiation of anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapy, this counts as the allowed anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapy for advanced disease. * For participants who experienced disease progression more than 365 days from initiation of anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapy for advanced disease, this is not considered anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapy for advanced disease. These patients must have received anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapy for stage 4 or recurrent disease * Participants must have a minimum of 28 days after the last dose, or 5 half-lives of washout period (whichever is shorter) from last dose of most recent systemic therapy prior to initiation of study treatment, including investigational agents * Participants must have at least one site of measurable disease as determined by the investigator, using RECIST v 1.1 criteria documented within 28 days prior to study treatment initiation * Participants must have Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 0 or 1 at the time of informed consent and at the time of treatment initiation * Participants must be willing to provide pre-treatment archived specimen (taken within a year of trial entry) or undergo a biopsy procedure if archived specimen is not available. * If biopsy is not deemed safe, it may be waived after discussion with principal investigator (PI) * Participants must be willing to provide an on-treatment biopsy, to be obtained at 6 - 9 weeks, if deemed safe by the treating physician * Platelet count \> 100,000/μL * Absolute neutrophil count \> 1,500/μL * Hemoglobin \> 9.0 g/dL. Participants may be transfused to meet this criterion * Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) \< 2.5 times upper limit of normal * Serum bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) with the following exception: Patients with known Gilbert disease: serum bilirubin ≥ 3 x ULN * Creatinine clearance ≥ 30 mL/min * For patients not receiving therapeutic anticoagulation: International normalized ratio (INR) or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) ≤ 1.5 x ULN * For patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation: stable anticoagulant regimen * Participants of child-bearing potential and sexually active men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal methods must be supplemented by barrier method) prior to treatment initiation, during treatment, and for 5 months after the last dose of atezolizumab * Negative beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) pregnancy test result within 14 days prior to initiation of study treatment for participants of childbearing potential. Pregnant or breast-feeding women or intention of becoming pregnant during study treatment or within 5 months of last dose of atezolizumab are not eligible Exclusion Criteria: * Presence of other active cancers within the last 2 years. Participants with another cancer who have received definitive therapy at least 2 years previously and no evidence of recurrence are eligible. All participants with previously treated in situ carcinoma are eligible, as are participants with history of non-melanoma skin cancer * Symptomatic central nervous system (CNS) metastases; participants with known brain metastasis must be asymptomatic with no ongoing requirement for steroids within 7 days prior to start of study treatment, no history of intracranial hemorrhage or spinal cord hemorrhage. If the patient is receiving anti-convulsant therapy, the dose is considered stable * Participants with untreated CNS metastases may be enrolled as long as they meet the above criteria. Participants with bulky CNS metastases should consider receiving radiation prior to study entry per investigator judgment * Participants with spinal cord compression must have received local treatment and must have been symptomatically stable with no use of steroids for at least 7 days prior to start of study treatment * Participants must not have an active autoimmune disease that has required immune modulating treatment within 1 year prior to consenting (i.e., disease modifying agents, long term corticosteroids). Replacement therapy (e.g., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency) is allowed. Short-term steroid therapy (≤ 2 weeks) is allowed * Inability to discontinue corticosteroid therapy; steroids must be tapered off 7 days prior to first dose of SX-682. Limited steroid use for allergic reactions is acceptable * Known history of primary immunodeficiency * History of organ transplant or prior allogenic stem cell transplantation that requires use of immunosuppressives * Current symptomatic pneumonitis and any past history of immune checkpoint inhibitor related pneumonitis regardless of steroid treatment history * Prior history of grade 3 or higher immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced immune-related adverse event (AE) (immune related adverse event \[irAE\]) except endocrine irAEs that are resolved or managed with replacement therapy * Radiotherapy within 7 days of start of study treatment * Major surgery within 21 days of start of study treatment. Minor surgery within 2 weeks of start of study treatment. * Placement of vascular access device and biopsies are not considered major or minor surgery and are allowed * Electrocardiogram (ECG) demonstrating a Fridericia's corrected QT interval (QTcF) interval \> 480 msec or patients with congenital long QT syndrome * Severe lung disease (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease \[COPD\]) who cannot stop steroids 7 days prior to start of study treatment * Serious cerebrovascular and cardiac disease defined as: * Active unstable angina pectoris * Congestive heart failure New York Heart Association (NYHA) \> grade 3 * Acute myocardial infarction within 3 months of consenting * Stroke or transient ischemic attack within 3 months of consenting * Known active chronic infections: Active hepatitis B, hepatitis C and tuberculosis. Testing is not required for assessment of eligibility per investigator judgment. Active infection requiring IV antibiotics within 7 days of study treatment initiation. * Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection: Patients with known history of HCV infection are eligible if HCV viral load is below the limit of quantification per local assay per investigator judgment. * Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection: Patients with known history of HBV infection are eligible if HBV viral load is below the limit of quantification and negative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) per local assay per investigator judgment * Known uncontrolled HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection * Participants with known HIV infection are allowed if they are receiving anti-retroviral therapy, have CD4+ T-cell count \> 350 cells/µL within 6 months prior to study treatment initiation and no history of AIDS- defining opportunistic infection * Any serious or uncontrolled concomitant disorder that, in the opinion of the investigator, would compromise the patient's ability to complete the study * Patient with any significant history of non-compliance to medical regimens or with inability to grant reliable informed consent * Treatment with a live, attenuated vaccine within 4 weeks prior to initiation of study treatment, or anticipation of need for such a vaccine during atezolizumab treatment or within 5 months after the final dose of atezolizumab * History of leptomeningeal disease * Treatment with investigational therapy within 28 days prior to initiation of study treatment, or 5 half-lives of washout period (whichever is shorter) from last dose of most recent systemic therapy * History of severe allergic anaphylactic reactions to chimeric or humanized antibodies or fusion proteins * Known hypersensitivity to Chinese hamster ovary cell products or to any component of the atezolizumab formulation * Known allergy or hypersensitivity to any component of the atezolizumab formulation