Type 2 diabetes is a growing health concern worldwide, influenced by genetic factors, overweight, metabolic syndrome, and insufficient physical activity. Good treatment and glycemic control can reduce or delay diabetes-related complications, which account for a significant and increasing share of healthcare costs in Finland. Much of this cost growth is due to complications resulting from inadequate diabetes care. Secondary prevention programs can therefore provide both health and economic benefits. Lifestyle interventions are one way to improve type 2 diabetes care and reduce complications. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a digital lifestyle intervention combined with optimized care on treatment and outcomes among adults with type 2 diabetes at high risk for complications. The intervention includes access to the BitHabit "Small Actions" application, which supports healthy lifestyle changes, and for participants with a body mass index (BMI) over 30, the Onnikka weight management application. The study will be conducted in North Savo, Finland, using a case-control design. Approximately 120 participants will receive the intervention and 50-100 will serve as controls. All participants will have their care plans reviewed and updated according to the Finnish Current Care Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes. Control group participants will receive standard care, while the intervention group will receive standard care plus the digital tools. The study also includes the validation of the PAID (Problem Areas in Diabetes) questionnaire for use in Finland and in the Finnish language. The study duration for each participant is 12 months. Data will be collected through physiological measurements, laboratory tests, questionnaires, and app usage logs. Measurements and questionnaires will be conducted at baseline and after 12 months. The analyses will describe the phenomenon, its prevalence, and associations between variables, as well as potential dependencies.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
200
BitHabit digital application for behavioral lifestyle changes
Onnikka weight management digital application
Wellbeing services county of North Savo, Nursing and Physician Services
Kuopio, Northern Savonia, Finland
RECRUITINGChange from baseline in weight at 12 months
Change from baseline in weight at 12 months. Weight measurement is taken by study nurse both at baseline and at the end of the study.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of follow-up at 12 months
Change from baseline in BMI at 12 months
Change from baseline in BMI at 12 months. Weight and height measurement are taken by study nurse both at baseline and at the end of the study.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of follow-up at 12 months
Change from baseline in waist circumference at 12 months
Change from baseline in waist circumference at 12 months. Waist circumference is taken by study nurse both at baseline and at the end of the study.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of follow-up at 12 months
Change from baseline in Body Roundness Index at 12 months
Change from baseline in Body Roundness Index at 12 months. Weight, height, waist and hip circumference are taken by study nurse both at baseline and at the end of the study.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of follow-up at 12 months
Change from baseline in HbA1c at 12 months
Change from baseline in HbA1c at 12 months. HbA1c is a laboratory measurement describing glucose levels, taken both at baseline and at the end of the study.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of follow-up at 12 months
Change from baseline in serum lipid levels at 12 months
Change from baseline in serum lipid levels at 12 months. LDL, HDL and triglycerides are laboratory measurements taken both at baseline and at the end of the study.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of follow-up at 12 months
Change from baseline in smoking status at 12 months
Change from baseline in smoking status at 12 months. Smoking status is surveyed both at baseline and at the end of the study.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of follow-up at 12 months
Change from baseline in physical activity at 12 months
Change from baseline in physical activity at 12 months. Physical activity is surveyed both at baseline and at the end of the study.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of follow-up at 12 months
Change from baseline in dietary habits at 12 months
Change from baseline in dietary habits at 12 months. Dietary habits are surveyed both at baseline and at the end of the study.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of follow-up at 12 months
Change from baseline in blood pressure at 12 months
Change from baseline in blood pressure at 12 months. Blood pressure measurement is taken by study nurse via Riva Rocci method both at baseline and at the end of the study.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of follow-up at 12 months
Self-reported changes from baseline in qualty of life measured by EQ-5D-5L at 12 months
EQ-5D-5L is a standard health questionnaire assessing quality of life across five dimensios: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression. EQ-5D-5L questionnaire is filled electronically at baseline and at the end of the study.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of follow-up at 12 months
Change from baseline in Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale at 12 months
PAID scale identifies emotional distress in diabetes, covering issues like worrying complications, goal setting, food, treatment, and social support, common problems including fear, anger, feeling overwhelmed and guilt.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of follow-up at 12 months
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