Inflammatory Biomarkers and Postoperative Delirium in Pediatric Circumcision

Inclusion Criteria: * Children aged 2-12 years. * Patients scheduled to undergo elective circumcision under general anesthesia. * Patients classified as ASA physical status I-II. * Patients whose parents or legal guardians provide written informed consent, and whose age-appropriate verbal assent is obtained from the child. * Patients in whom anesthesia and surgical procedures are performed according to standard institutional protocols throughout the study period. Exclusion Criteria: * Children with a history of neurological or psychiatric disorders (e.g., epilepsy, developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, anxiety disorders). * Patients classified as ASA physical status III-IV. * Patients with incomplete preoperative laboratory data or with hematological or hormonal disorders that may affect inflammatory parameters. * Patients who develop excessive sedation after premedication or whose preoperative assessment cannot be completed. * Patients with protocol deviations during surgery or anesthesia (e.g., additional medications, prolonged surgical duration, or changes in procedure due to complications). * Patients whose parents or legal guardians do not provide consent or who decline participation.