Effect of Toothpastes on Oral Malodor

Çankırı Karatekin University52 enrolled

Overview

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different toothpaste formulations on oral malodor in young adults, addressing the lack of clinical evidence regarding propolis- and probiotic-containing toothpastes, which have predominantly been investigated in mouthrinse, tablet, or chewing gum formulations. Volunteers aged 18-30 years with baseline organoleptic assessment (OA) and Breath Checker® (BC) scores \>0 were randomized into four toothpaste groups: propolis-containing (Glimo Beta), probiotic-containing (Glimo Pi), phosphate-based (Glimo Gamma), and a standard fluoride toothpaste (Sensodyne). Allocation concealment was ensured using identical coded containers, and outcome assessors were blinded. After exclusions, 52 participants completed the study. Oral malodor was evaluated at baseline (T0) and Day 14 (T1) using OA, BC measurements, and self-perceived oral malodor scores.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

SINGLE

Enrollment

Conditions

Oral Malodor (Halitosis)

Interventions

Participants were instructed to brush their teeth using propolis toothpaste twice daily (morning and evening) for 14 days as part of their routine oral hygiene.

Probiotic containing toothpasteOTHER

Participants were instructed to brush their teeth using probiotic toothpaste twice daily (morning and evening) for 14 days as part of their routine oral hygiene.

Phosphate-based formulation toothpasteOTHER

Participants were instructed to brush their teeth using Phosphate-based formulation toothpaste twice daily (morning and evening) for 14 days as part of their routine oral hygiene.

Standard fluoride toothpasteOTHER

Participants were instructed to brush their teeth using standard fluoride toothpaste twice daily (morning and evening) for 14 days as part of their routine oral hygiene.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 30 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * • No systemic diseases or medications known to cause halitosis * No active periodontal disease requiring treatment * No antibiotic use within the previous month * No orthodontic or removable space-maintaining appliances * Non-smokers * Organoleptic score \>0 and Breath-Checker® (BC) score \>0 at baseline Exclusion Criteria: * Participants reporting systemic conditions, active periodontal therapy, smoking, or antibiotic usage were excluded.

Locations (1)

Cankiri Karatekin University

Çankırı, Merkez, Turkey (Türkiye)

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Change in oral malodor severity

Oral malodor was assessed using an organoleptic scoring method and a portable breath checker device. The change in scores from baseline to the end of the intervention period was evaluated.

Time frame: Baseline and Day 14

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov

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