Impact of an Educational Intervention on Ulcer Incidence, Knowledge, Self-Care, and Quality of Life in Diabetic Foot Syndrome

Overview

This randomized clinical trial assessed the impact of a structured educational intervention in patients with diabetic foot syndrome. Forty-two participants were allocated to an intervention group-receiving two specialist-led educational sessions-or to a control group with standard care. The intervention produced significant improvements in knowledge and self-care after the first session, with stable retention and cumulative benefits by the end of the program. Clinically relevant improvements were also observed in skin condition and preventive foot-care behaviors such as appropriate footwear, socks, and nail-cutting technique. Qualitative data showed that diabetes and DFS strongly affect quality of life, while group-based education enhanced peer support, sense of control, and adherence to preventive care. No ulcers occurred during the six-month follow-up. Structured educational interventions are effective and rapidly beneficial, though larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm their impact on ulcer prevention.

This randomized clinical trial evaluated the impact of a structured educational intervention on ulcer incidence, patient knowledge, self-care practices, and quality of life in individuals with diabetic foot syndrome (DFS). A total of 42 patients were assigned either to an intervention group-which received two monthly educational sessions delivered by a specialist-or to a control group receiving standard care. The intervention followed IWGDF recommendations and covered topics such as DFS pathophysiology, glycemic control, ulcer risk identification, and evidence-based preventive strategies. Knowledge was assessed at four time points using a validated questionnaire. Self-care practices were assessed through clinical observation, and skin condition through the CERLCP scale. A qualitative analysis using focus groups explored patients' subjective experiences. No new foot ulcers developed during the six-month follow-up. The intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge after the first session, with stable retention between sessions and cumulative gains by the end of the program. Marked improvements were also observed in self-care behaviors, particularly appropriate footwear and socks, nail-cutting technique, and reduction of hyperkeratosis. Skin quality improved with clinically meaningful effect sizes. The qualitative findings showed that diabetes and DFS substantially affect patients' physical, emotional, social, and economic well-being. The educational intervention enhanced peer support, sense of control, and adherence to preventive self-care. This study demonstrates that a structured educational intervention-even a single session-can produce rapid and meaningful improvements in knowledge and self-care practices. Larger studies with longer follow-up are required to determine its effectiveness in reducing ulcer incidence over time.