The aim of this study is to evaluate how smoking affects the healing process of the gums after treatment. The researchers will measure the levels of two specific proteins (PLAP-1 and Sclerostin) in the gum fluid of patients with stage II periodontitis. These measurements will be compared between smokers and non-smokers before and after receiving non-surgical periodontal therapy (cleaning and scaling) to see if smoking changes the body's response to treatment.
Patients diagnosed with Stage II Periodontitis will be recruited and divided into two groups: Group I (current smokers) and Group II (non-smokers). At the beginning of the study (baseline), clinical periodontal parameters will be recorded, including probing depth, clinical attachment level, and plaque index. Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) samples will be collected from the most affected sites using paper strips. Following the initial assessment, all participants will undergo non-surgical periodontal therapy consisting of full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP) using ultrasonic and hand instruments. Oral hygiene instructions will be provided to all patients. Patients will be re-evaluated after 6 months following the treatment. Clinical parameters will be re-recorded, and GCF samples will be collected again. The samples will then be analyzed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to determine the concentration levels of Periodontal Ligament Associated Protein-1 (PLAP-1) and Sclerostin. The study aims to correlate these protein levels with the clinical healing outcomes in both smokers and non-smokers.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
36
scaling , curettage and root planning
Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University
Cairo, Nasr City, Egypt
change in periodontal ligament associated protien-1 levels
Concentration of PLAP-1 measured in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) using ELISA technique. This protein reflects the status of the periodontal ligament.
Time frame: Baseline (before treatment) and 6 months after treatment
Change in Sclerostin levels
Concentration of Sclerostin measured in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) to evaluate bone remodeling activity.
Time frame: Baseline and 6 months after treatment
Change in Probing Pocket Depth
Measurement of the depth of the gum pockets using a periodontal probe to assess clinical healing.
Time frame: Baseline , 3 and 6 months after treatment
Change in Clinical Attachment Level
Measurement of the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the bottom of the pocket to assess tissue attachment gain.
Time frame: Baseline , 3 and 6 months after treatment
Change in Plaque Index (PI).
Evaluation of the amount of plaque on tooth surfaces using the Silness and Löe Plaque Index. Scores range from 0 (no plaque) to 3 (abundance of soft matter). Lower scores indicate better oral hygiene.
Time frame: Baseline , 3 and 6 months after treatment.
Change in Gingival Index (GI).
Assessment of the severity of gingival inflammation using the Löe and Silness Gingival Index. Scores range from 0 (normal gingiva) to 3 (severe inflammation, tendency to spontaneous bleeding).
Time frame: Baseline, 3 and 6 months after treatment.
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Change in Bleeding on Probing (BOP) percentage.
Presence or absence of bleeding recorded within 30 seconds after probing. It is calculated as the percentage of sites that bleed upon probing relative to the total number of sites probed.
Time frame: Baseline, 3 and 6 months after treatment.