Long-term Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle After Hybrid Training.

N/ANot Yet RecruitingNCT07341711

University of Thessaly30 enrolled

Overview

Obesity is a major challenge for public health and renders it imperative to reduce its prevalence. High intensity interval training (HIIT) is a form of exercise training that can efficiently induce weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity, even in the absence of dietary intake manipulation. Hybrid type training represents a form of HIIT, that incorporates both cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal stimuli, by combining multiple types of exercise into a circuit-type, interval style workout. Recent evidence suggests that long-term participation in hybrid HIIT results in significant health-related benefits. However, the molecular mechanisms driving the chronic effects of hybrid HIIT on cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal health remains to be elucidated.

A total number of 30 adults (both males and females) aged 30-50, meeting the inclusion criteria, will be enrolled in this study. Participants will be randomly assigned to either (i) a Control group or (ii) an Intervention group. The Intervention group will participate in three hybrid-type HIIT sessions per week over a 6-month period while receiving a balanced diet. The Control group will receive a balanced diet over the 6-month period but will not participate in exercise training. At baseline and 6 months, both groups will undergo assessment of their anthropometric profile, body composition, resting metabolic rate, muscle strength and cardiorespiratory capacity and provide resting blood and skeletal muscle samples.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

OTHER

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

Conditions

Obesity & Overweight

Interventions

Exercise trainingOTHER

Participants will perform a six-month hybrid training program while receiving a balanced diet. The periodization of hybrid training intervention will consist of three 2-month phases of gradually increased exercise intensity and volume. In every training will participate 5-8 individuals. The training will contain 6-12 different exercises (stations), depending on the phase of the intervention, which will be executed in a circuit for a total of 2-3 rounds, with 2-3 minutes of rest period between sets (depending on the phase). The exercise execution will last 20-45 seconds, and the rest between them will last 30-60 seconds (depending on the phase), while the exercise intensity will range from 75 to 85% of maximal heart rate. The stations of hybrid training will contain multi-joint exercises or neuromuscular activation exercises using either body weight resistance or portable equipment.

Control groupOTHER

Participants will receive a balanced diet but will not participate in any type of exercise training over a six month period.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 30 YearsMax age: 50 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * BMI: \>25 kg/m2 and \<40 kg/m2 * Untrained individuals (abstain \>1 year from exercise training) * No dietary intervention over the last 6 months preceding the study * Low cardiorespiratory fitness level (VO2max: \<45 ml/kg/min) * No use of any medication, dietary supplements * Low risk for cardiovascular disease * A weight loss \<10% over the last 6 months preceding the study * Fee of non-communicable diseases (excluding metabolic syndrome) Exclusion Criteria: * Low participation rate (\<80% completion of the exercise training sessions) * Unbalanced diet * Participation in additional exercise training regimes * Cosumption of anti-inflammatory of pain relief medication

Locations (1)

Department of Physical Education and Sport Science Trikala, University of Thessaly

Trikala, Thessaly, Greece

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Change in mitochondrial size

Mitochondrial size will be measured using transmission electron microscope

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in mitochondrial density

Mitochondrial density will be measured using transmission electron microscope

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in mitochondrial count

Mitochondrial count will be determined using transmission electron microscope

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in mitochondrial distribution

Mitochondrial distribution will be determined using transmission electron microscope

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max)

Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) will be assessed during a cardiopulmonary exercise testing by using a portable indirect calorimetry system

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in muscle fiber cross-sectional area

Muscle fiber cross-sectional area (μm2) will be measured using immunohistochemical staining for myosin heavy chain

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in PAX7+ satellite cells count

PAX7+ satellite cells will be determined using immunohistochemistry techniques.

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in total protein content

Total protein content (total RNA) will be determined in skeletal muscle tissue using real time quantitative-Polymerase Chain Reaction (q-PCR) technique

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in myonuclei content

Myonuclei content will be determined in skeletal muscle tissue using immunohistochemistry techniques

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator -1a (PGC-1a) expression

PGC-1a expression in skeletal muscle tissue will be assessed using immunoblotting techniques.

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in Krebs cycle (TCA cycle) enzymes activity

Krebs cycle enzymes activity will be determined using the Seahorse XF Analyzer

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in protein expression of respiratory chain complexes

Protein expression of respiratory chain complexes will be determined using immunoblotting techniques

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in cytochrome C oxidase amount and expression

Cytochrome C oxidase amount and expression will be assessed using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting techniques

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in ATP synthase amount and expression

ATP synthase amount and expression will be assessed using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting techniques

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in citrate synthase amount and expression

Citrate synthase amount and expression will be assessed using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting techniques

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in succinate dehydrogenase amount and expression

Succinate dehydrogenase amount and expression will be assessed using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting techniques

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in NADH dehydrogenase amount and expression

NADH dehydrogenase amount and expression will be assessed using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting techniques

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate

Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate will be determined using the Seahorse XF Analyzer

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in spare respiratory capacity

Spare respiratory capacity will be determined using the Seahorse XF Analyzer

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in mitochondrial maximal respiration

Maximal mitochondrial respiration will be determined using the Seahorse XF Analyzer

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in mitochondrial basal respiration

Mitochondrial basal respiration will be determined using the Seahorse XF Analyzer

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in non-mitochondrial respiration

Non-mitochondrial respiration will be determined using the Seahorse XF Analyzer

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in body fat percentage

Body fat percentage will be assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in diastolic arterial pressure

Diastolic blood pressure will be measured using a sphygmomanometer

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Secondary Outcomes

Change in density and distribution of capillaries

Capillarization will be determined using immunohistochemistry techniques

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in skeletal muscle fiber typing

Fiber typing will be determined using immunohistochemistry techniques

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in GLUT-4 protein expression

GLUT-4 protein expression will be assessed using immunoblotting techniques

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change reduced glutathione content in skeletal muscle cells

Reduced glutathione content will be determined spectrophotometrically

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in glutathione peroxidase activity in skeletal muscle cells

Glutathione peroxidase activity will be determined spectrophotometrically

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in glutathione reductase activity in skeletal muscle cells

Glutathione reductase activity will be determined spectrophotometrically

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in superoxide dismutase activity in skeletal muscle cells

Superoxide dismutase activity will be determined spectrophotometrically

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in fasting glucose levels

Fasting glucose levels will be measured on an automated clinical chemistry analyzer

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Central Contacts

Ioannis G Fatouros, Professor

CONTACT

24310 47047 ifatouros@pe.uth.gr

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov

This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Change in fasting insulin levels

Fasting insulin levels will be measured on an automated clinical chemistry analyzer

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in glycosylated hemoglobin levels

Glycosylated hemoglobin levels will be measured on an automated clinical chemistry analyzer

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels

HDL will be measured on an automated clinical chemistry analyzer

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels

LDL will be measured on an automated clinical chemistry analyzer

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in total cholesterol levels

Total cholesterol will be measured on an automated clinical chemistry analyzer

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in triglyceride levels

Triglycerides will be measured on an automated clinical chemistry analyzer

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in general blood count

General blood count will be measured on a hematology analyzer

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in erythrocyte reduced glutathione (GSH) levels

Erythrocyte GSH levels will be determined spectrophotometrically

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in erythrocyte oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels

Erythrocyte GSSG levels will be determined spectrophotometrically

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in myostatin expression

Myostatin expression will be assessed using immunoblotting techniques

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change cortisol concentration

Blood cortisol concentration will be assessed using immunoassays (ELISA)

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in testosterone concentration

Blood testosterone concentration will be assessed using immunoassays (ELISA)

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in growth hormone concentration

Blood growth hormone concentration will be assessed using immunoassays (ELISA)

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentration

Blood IGF-1 concentration will be assessed using immunoassays (ELISA)

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in body mass

Body mass will be measured on a beam scale

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in bone density

Bone density will be assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in fat-free mass

Fat-free mass will be assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in waist circumference

Waist circumference will be measured using a Gullick II tape

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in hip circumference

Hip circumference will be measured using a Gullick II tape

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in resting heart rate

Heart rate will be measured using a heart rate monitor

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in resting metabolic rate (RMR)

RMR will be measured using indirect calorimetry

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months

Change in systolic arterial pressure

Systolic blood pressure will be measured using a sphygmomanometer

Time frame: At baseline and at 6 months