This study aimed to determine the effect of hemsball activity on balance, kinesiophobic attitudes, and frailty levels in older male individuals. The research was conducted as a parallel-group pre-test-post-test randomized controlled trial. The reporting of the study utilized the CONSORT 2017 extension evaluating non-pharmacological interventions. The study was conducted with 86 older male individuals using a parallel-group pre-test-post-test randomized controlled trial design. The hemsball activity was structured by the research team and lasted for eight weeks, three days a week, for 60 minutes each day. Data were collected using pre-tests planned before randomization, immediately after obtaining written consent from the individuals, and post-tests in the eighth week of the study. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Berg Balance Scale, the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale, and the Edmonton Frailty Scale. Data were analyzed using a generalized linear model. This research found that hemsball activity is an effective intervention in improving balance and reducing kinesiophobia and frailty in older male individuals. Through this research, a new type of intervention that improves balance and reduces kinesiophobia and frailty levels in older individuals has been added to the literature.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
86
The intervention program was developed within the theoretical framework of the book "Hemsball for All Ages," and expert opinions were sought from both the author of the book and the president of the Hemsball Federation. The program was conducted in groups, and game times were determined for each group. The program continued with groups of five individuals per hour, totaling 10 people, and lasted approximately five hours over half a day with 44 individuals. The older people participants in the Hemsball activity followed the principle of continuity for eight weeks, three days a week, with 60 minutes of Hemsball activity each day.
Selçuk Üniversitesi
Konya, Turkey (Türkiye)
Personal Information Form
This form consists of 13 questions designed by researchers to determine individuals' personal characteristics based on the literature.
Time frame: It was completed at the beginning of the study and at the end of 8 weeks.
Berg Balance Scale
This scale was developed to determine individuals' levels of balance. The scale consists of 14 items, each scored between 0 (poor) and 4 (best). The total score on the scale ranges from 0 to 56. A higher score indicates better balance.
Time frame: at the start of the study and at the end of 8 weeks
Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale
This scale assesses individuals' work-related actions, injury/re-injury, and fear-avoidance behaviors. The scale consists of 17 items, scored from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). Four items are reverse-scored (items 4, 8, 12, and 16). The total score ranges from 17 to 68. An increased score indicates increased kinesiophobia.
Time frame: at the start of the study and at the end of 8 weeks
Edmonton Frailty Scale
This scale assesses the vulnerability of older individuals across dimensions including "cognitive status, general health status, functional independence, social support, medication use, nutrition, mood, urinary incontinence, and functional performance." The scale consists of nine dimensions and 11 items. The total score obtainable from the scale ranges from 0 to 17.
Time frame: at the start of the study and at the end of 8 weeks
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