The goal of this clinical trial is to learn the effects of stable and unstable resistance training on physical fitness, kidney function and blood lipid tests in healthy young male volunteers. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Do both stable and unstable resistance training increase the level of urinary protein clearance greater than the control group? * What is the difference in improvement of lipid profiles among the groups? * Does unstable resistance training mode rise muscular endurance greater than stable resistance training? Researchers will compare stable and unstable resistance training to see if there are differences on physical fitness measures, blood lipid and urinary protein tests. Participants, in their respective group will receive ten weeks of: * Stable resistance training * Unstable resistance training or * No exercise training intervention
This study included volunteer male untrained students living at Kotebe University of Education. Priori statistical power analysis (G\*Power version 3.1.9.2, Stuttgart, Germany) was used to estimate the sample size. Based on earlier research, a moderate to high effect size (0.295) was assumed, and considering a dropout probability of 10%, a sample of 54 participants was enough to meet adequate statistical power. All participants provided written informed consent to participate in this study. The training protocol will include ten resistance exercises for each intervention, performed three times a week for 10 weeks. Each session lasts 60 minutes, including a 10 to 15-minute warm-up, a 40-minute main exercise targeting core, upper, and lower limb muscles, and a 5 to 10-minute cool-down and stretching. The protocol will adhere to basic training principles like overload, progression, and specificity. The training will take place in the university gymnasium. The study will be conducted in accordance with local legislation and institutional requirements. It will be strictly governed by the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
54
stable resistance training is represented by traditional resistance training using equipment like medicine ball, resistance machine and own body mass
TRX based resistance training for the upper, lower and abdominal region muscles
Kotebe University of Education
Addis Ababa, Yeka Sub City, Ethiopia
Urinary Albumin
* It will be measured using random urine samples in milligrams per liter * The minimum value is 0, the maximum is 20 * A higher score means a worse outcome
Time frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training interventions
Urinary Creatinine
* It will be measured using random urine samples in millimoles per liter * The minimum value is 3, the maximum is 25. * A higher score means a better outcome
Time frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of training intervention
Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio
* Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio is computed by dividing the obtained urinary albumin by urinary creatinine * It is measured in milligrams per millimole * The minimum value is 0, the maximum is 3 * A high score means a worse outcome
Time frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training interventions
Serum Creatinine
* It is measured using a fasting blood sample in micromoles per liter * The minimum value is 50, the maximum is 110 * A higher score means a worse outcome
Time frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training intervention
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate
* Estimated glomerular filtration rate is computed using a serum creatinine-based equation * The scores are reported in milliliters per minute per 1.73 square meters * The minimum value is 90, the maximum is 130 * A higher score means a better renal function
Time frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training interventions
High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
* It is measured using a fasting blood sample tests in millimoles per liter * The minimum value is 1, the maximum is greater than or equal to 2 * A higher score means a protective and better outcome
Time frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training
Low-Density Llipoprotein Cholesterol
* It is measured using a fasting blood sample in millimoles per liter * The minimum value is 0, the maximum is 2.6 * A higher score means a worse outcome
Time frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training
Total Cholesterol
* It is measured using a fasting blood sample test in millimoles per liter * The minimum score is 0, the maximum is 5.2 * A higher score means a worse outcome
Time frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training
Triglycerides
* Triglycerides are measured using a fasting blood sample test in millimoles per liter * The minimum value is 0, the maximum is 1.7 * A higher score means a worse outcome
Time frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training
Hand Grip Strength
* Hand grip strength test will be used to measure muscular strength * It is measured in kilograms * The minimum value is 27, the maximum is 56 * A higher score means a better outcome
Time frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of training intervention
Muscular Endurance
* Push-up and sit-up tests will be used to measure muscular endurance * The number of repetitions is a unit for both tests * The minimum score for push-up is 20, the maximum is 40 * The minimum value for sit-up is 25, the maximum is 45 * A higher score means a better outcome
Time frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of training intervention
Core Endurance
* The McGill core endurance test will be conducted and reported in seconds * The minimum value is 45, the maximum is 120 * A higher score means a better outcome
Time frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of training intervention
Flexibility
* Sit and reach test will be conducted and reported in centimeters * The minimum value is 20, and the maximum is 35 * A higher score means a better outcome
Time frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of training intervention
Body Fat Percentage
* It will be estimated using 3 site skin fold measures in millimeters * Body density will be calculated by the Jackson \& Pollock equation * The obtained density is converted into body fat percentage using the Sir equation * The minimum value is 10, the maximum is 22 * A higher score means aworse outcome
Time frame: At baseline and after 10 weeks of training intervention
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