This study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of nature videos viewed through virtual reality goggles and binaural beat audio played during cystoscopy on pain, anxiety, and vital signs. The study was conducted between September 2025 and December 2025 with 60 patients who applied to the cystoscopy unit of a public hospital in Istanbul and met the inclusion criteria. Patients in the experimental group (n=30) were shown nature videos using virtual reality goggles and listened to binaural beats through headphones, while patients in the control group (n=30) received no intervention other than routine care. Research data were collected using the Patient Introduction Form, Visual Analog Scale, State Anxiety Scale, and Vital Findings Form. It was determined that nature videos and binaural beats played through virtual reality goggles during cystoscopy reduced patients' pain and anxiety levels and positively affected their vital signs.
Although cystoscopy is a short procedure performed under local anesthesia, its invasive nature can cause pain, anxiety, and physiological stress responses in patients. This can negatively affect the patient's compliance and overall comfort during the procedure. In recent years, it has been reported that distracting, non-pharmacological, and technology-based applications in surgical and interventional procedures are effective in increasing patient comfort. This study was planned and conducted as a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of nature videos viewed through virtual reality (VR) goggles and binaural beats listened to simultaneously during cystoscopy on patients' pain levels, anxiety levels, and vital signs.The study was conducted between September 2025 and December 2025 at the cystoscopy unit of a public hospital in Istanbul. A total of 60 patients scheduled for cystoscopy and meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to either the experimental (n=30) or control (n=30) group. Patients in the experimental group were shown nature-themed videos through virtual reality glasses and listened to binaural beats through headphones before and during the cystoscopy procedure. No additional interventions were performed on patients in the control group other than the routine care protocol applied in the clinic. Research data were collected using the Patient Introduction Form, which included patient characteristics; the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to assess pain levels; the State Anxiety Scale to determine anxiety levels; and the Vital Signs Form, which included systolic-diastolic blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate. Measurements were taken before, during, and after the procedure. The research results show that nature videos and binaural beats played through virtual reality goggles during cystoscopy are an effective intervention in reducing patients' pain and anxiety levels and positively affecting physiological parameters. Due to its non-invasive, low-cost, and easy-to-implement nature, this combination is considered to be a complementary nursing practice that can be integrated into clinical applications to enhance patient comfort during short-term procedures such as cystoscopy.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
60
Nature video and binaural drumming experience with virtual reality headset
Yalova University
Yalova, Turkey (Türkiye)
The Effect of VR and Binaural Beats on Anxiety
State Anxiety Inventory: In this study, the "State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I)" will be used before and after the mandala coloring to assess patients' situational anxiety. The inventory evaluates how individuals feel at a particular moment. It includes 20 items, each scored from 1 (Not at all) to 4 (Completely), reflecting the intensity of the emotion experienced. Items 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 15, 16, 19, and 20 are reverse scored. Total scores range from 20 to 80; higher scores indicate greater anxiety. Additionally, the "Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-II)" measures general anxiety independent of specific situations, using a similar 20-item structure with frequency-based responses. The full inventory contains 40 items. High scores on either scale indicate higher anxiety levels.Patients completed the questionnaire before and after cystoscopy.
Time frame: 4 month
The Effect of VR and Binaural Beats on Pain
Visual Analog Scale: The Visual Analog Scale is a commonly used unidimensional measure for assessing pain intensity. The VAS is a measurement tool ranging from 0 to 10 cm (0 to 100 mm) in length. Since the aim of the study is to determine the effect of the non-pharmacological method used on existing pain, VAS will be used to assess pain before, during, and after cystoscopy
Time frame: 4 month
The Effect of VR and Binaural Beats on blood pressure
Patients' blood pressure values will be recorded. The effect of non-pharmacological interventions on patients' blood pressure values will be evaluated. Evaluated before, during, and after the cystoscopy
Time frame: 4 month
The Effect of VR and Binaural Beats on pulse
Patients' pulse , values will be recorded. The effect of non-pharmacological interventions on patients' pulse values will be evaluated.Evaluated before, during, and after the cystoscopy
Time frame: 4 month
The Effect of VR and Binaural Beats on oxygen saturation
Patients' oxygen saturation , values will be recorded. The effect of non-pharmacological interventions on patients' oxygen saturation values will be evaluated.Evaluated before, during, and after the cystoscopy
Time frame: 4 month
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