Within 30 minutes before anesthesia, acupoint electrical stimulation at different frequencies were applied at Neiguan, Jian Shi, and Baihui. The changes in blood pressure during the anesthesia induction period were compared between the high-frequency group and the low-frequency group.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Enrollment
150
Electrical stimulation are administered at Neiguan, Jian Shi, and Baihui. The stimulation starts at 15 minutes before anesthesia induction and ends at 15 minutes after anesthesia induction.
The area under the curve representing the change in mean arterial pressure during the induction period relative to the baseline.
The area under the curve (AUC) below baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) is calculated as: ∑ (((Si - Sbaseline)+(Si-1 - Sbaseline))/2 × ΔX) where Sbaseline is the baseline MAP, Si is the MAP at the i-th minute (i = 1…15), and ΔX is the time interval between two measurements.
Time frame: from start of induction to 15 minutes after induction
Incidence of hypotension during the induction period
Time frame: from start of induction to 15 minutes after induction
The dosage of vasoactive drugs
Time frame: from start of induction to 15 minutes after induction
The incidence of major complications (cardiovascular adverse events, acute kidney injury, delirium)
Time frame: from end of surgery to discharge from the hospital, at an average of 5 days
Length of hospital stay
Time frame: from end of surgery to discharge from the hospital, at an average of 5 days
The rate of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after surgery
Time frame: from end of surgery to discharge from the hospital, at an average of 5 days
The rate of patients achieving the best recovery after surgery (discharged within 5 days after surgery, without major complications, no incision infection, no readmission, and survive within 30 days after surgery)
Time frame: from end of surgery to 30 days after surgery
The score of the discharge quality assessment scale
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Quality of Recovery, QoR-15 15 items across 5 dimensions: physical comfort, physical independence, psychological support, emotional state, and pain. Each item is scored from 0 to 10. The total score ranges from 0 to 150, with a higher score representing better recovery. A change of 8 points or more is considered a Minimally Clinically Important Difference (MCID), meaning a meaningful improvement or decline from the patient's perspective.
Time frame: at discharge from the hospital, at an average of 5 days after surgery