Brief Summary: Preoperative anxiety is a common phenomenon in surgical patients, with a pooled global prevalence of 48%. Surgical patients with preoperative anxiety may negatively impact their psychological health and surgical outcomes. Recent studies have revealed the promising effects of virtual reality-enhanced interventions to improve preoperative anxiety symptoms among adults undergoing elective surgery. There is a lack of interventional studies to compare and evaluate the co-designed preoperative virtual reality-enhanced interventions in adult surgical patients. This study aims to examine the effects of co-designed virtual reality educational video and virtual reality distraction video on preoperative anxiety symptoms, vital signs, Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and postoperative anxiety compared to usual care. This study will contribute by evaluating evidence-based, user-centered VIPA that may be effective for improving preoperative anxiety among adult surgical patients.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
270
The Virtual Reality-enhanced Interventions on Preoperative Anxiety for adults undergoing elective surgery (VIPA) was developed based on theoretical basis, systematic review evidence, and qualitative study.
Preoperative anxiety
Preoperative anxiety will be measured using the Short Chinese Version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Du et al., 2022). Items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating higher anxiety. The Short Chinese Version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory demonstrates good psychometric properties.
Time frame: Baseline, Immediate post-intervention, Day of surgery
Heart rate
Heart rate will be measured in beats per minute (bpm) using physiological monitors to provide a more objective measurement for anxiety.
Time frame: Baseline, Immediate post-intervention, Day of surgery
Blood pressure
Blood pressure will be measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) using physiological monitors to provide a more objective measurement for anxiety.
Time frame: Baseline, Immediate post-intervention, Day of surgery
Temperature
Temperature will be measured in degrees Celsius (°C) using tympanic thermometers to provide a more objective measurement for anxiety.
Time frame: Baseline, Immediate post-intervention, Day of surgery
Life satisfaction
Life satisfaction will be measured using the Chinese version of Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) (Diener et al., 1985). Items are rated on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating higher life satisfaction. The Chinese version of Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) demonstrates good psychometric properties (Wu \& Yao, 2006).
Time frame: Baseline, Immediate post-intervention, Day of surgery, Post-operative day 7
Evaluation of Virtual reality-enhanced interventions questionnaire
Virtual reality-enhanced interventions questionnaire was developed to evaluate virtual reality-enhanced interventions in terms of programme content, content adequacy, content usefulness, willingness to recommend others, satisfaction, and improvement suggestions. The questions are either 4-point Likert scale or open-end questions. The score ranges from 1 to 4, higher scores indicate higher satisfcation and higher agreement.
Time frame: Immediate post-intervention
Postoperative anxiety
Postoperative anxiety will be measured using the Short Chinese Version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Du et al., 2022). Items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating higher anxiety. The Short Chinese Version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory demonstrates good psychometric properties.
Time frame: Post-operative day 7
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