EFFECT OF PLAZEPOD VERSUS ELECTRICAL STIMULATION ON RISK OF FALLING IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

This intervention consists of interactive sensorimotor training using the BlazePod system, a visual stimulus-based device designed to improve balance, coordination, reaction time, and functional mobility. Participants will perform static and dynamic balance exercises, reactive stepping drills, lower-limb coordination tasks, and dual-task activities in response to visual cues emitted by the BlazePod sensors. Training sessions will be conducted three times per week, with each session lasting 30 minutes, over a total duration of 12 weeks. All sessions will be supervised by a licensed physical therapist to ensure safety and appropriate progression of exercise difficulty. The intervention aims to reduce fall risk by enhancing neuromuscular control and postural stability in hemodialysis patients.

This intervention involves the application of neuromuscular electrical stimulation to the lower limb muscles, specifically the bilateral quadriceps and hamstrings, using a portable electrical stimulation device. Surface electrodes will be placed over the motor points to elicit visible and comfortable muscle contractions. Stimulation parameters will include a frequency of 35-50 Hz, pulse width of 200-400 microseconds, and a duty cycle of 10 seconds on and 30 seconds off. Sessions will be administered three times per week for 30 minutes over 12 weeks under the supervision of a physical therapist. The intervention aims to improve muscle strength, balance, functional mobility, and reduce fall risk in hemodialysis patients.