This study will be conducted as a phase 1/2 study of safety and preliminary efficacy of pacritinib in combination with azacitidine for IPSS-M moderate low to very high risk MDS. Phase one will be a 3 + 3 design to assess the dose for the phase two portion. The phase two portion will employ a simon min-max two-stage design whereby fifteen patients will be enrolled in the first stage then ten more if at least two patients in stage one have a response. The dosing of pacritinib for the phase two study will be based on the phase one findings. Standard dosing of azacitidine will be used. A correlative study will be conducted in conjunction with the trial where we will measure whole blood collected pre-treatment and at four days post-treatment to measure intracellular flow and phosflow to detect JAK/STAT, NF-κβ, and AKT/mTOR signaling in patient samples and how treatment affects these pathways.
Phase I Design: Phase one will be a 3 + 3 design to assess the dose for the phase two portion. We will use a two-stage accrual design at each dose considered. We will initially enter three subjects at 300mg total. If none of the three experiences a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) we will proceed to 400mg total as our second dose. If one of the three experiences DLT, we will enter three additional patients at 300mg total. If at most one experience DLT in the cohort of six at 300mg total, we will proceed with 400mg total as our second dose. If two or more experience DLT in the cohort of six at 300mg total, we will proceed to 200mg total as our second dose. If two or more experiences DLT in the original cohort of three at 300mg total, we will proceed to 200mg total as our second dose. For the second dose (400mg or 200mg) three subjects will be initially treated. If none or one of the three experience a DLT, then we will accrue three more subjects at that dose. If at most one of six experience a DLT, then the second dose will be given for phase two, called the highest tested dose if 400mg and highest tolerated dose if 200mg. If two or more of six experience a DLT on 400mg total, then the previous dose (300mg total) will be declared the highest tolerated dose. If two or more of six experience a DLT on 200mg total, then we will terminate the trial. If there are two or more dose-limiting toxicities in the cohort of three on 400mg total, then the previous dose (300mg total) will be declared highest tolerated dose. If there are two or more dose-limiting toxicities in the cohort of three on 200mg total, then we will terminate the trial. No patient will be treated at a higher dose until the three or six patients have completed their toxicity evaluation period at the current dose. With this plan, a dose with a 50% or greater probability of causing a dose-limiting toxicity has at most a 12.5% chance of satisfying the conditions for dose escalation after the first three subjects and at least a 50% chance of stopping at three. With the two-stages (3-6) together, there is at most a 17.2% chance of escalation. Phase II Design: Phase two of this trial is designed with the potential for early termination in the case of failure to prove efficacy. The design will be a Simon's two-stage admissible minimax design.40 Choice of design is guided by a desire to stop the trial early if the actual ORR rate is 10% or less. If the ORR rate is 30% or greater, we would like to have a low probability of failing to conclude effective. With this design, we have no more than a 10% chance of concluding ineffective (≤10% ORR) when the ORR is at least 30%. Similarly, we have no more than a 5% chance of concluding effective (≥30% ORR) when it is ineffective. If the actual ORR is 10% or lower, we have 55% probability that the trial will stop after the first fifteen subjects. The first stage of fifteen patients will include the patients in the phase one portion who were on the chosen phase two dose. If there are greater than five successes after the total twenty-five patient cohort, then the trial is considered a success.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
25
Pacritinib is an oral kinase inhibitor with activity against wild-type JAK2, mutant JAK2V617F, FLT3, IRAK1, and ACVR1. Administered twice daily at 200mg or 400mg total daily dose per Phase 1 dose escalatio
Lyophilized powder in 100mg single dose vials to be diluted in saline to generate 75 mg/m2 intravenous or subcutaneous solutions. Azacitidine to be given at 75mg/m2 infusion days 1-7 every four weeks.
Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy as per standard of care obtained at baseline, infusion visit Days 2-7, and study completion Day 112.
Laboratory Tests to include CMP, Magnesium Phosphorous, LDH, Uric Acid, and CBC with Differential will be performed at baseline, Cycle 1, and at the start of each subsequent cycle.
ECG will be obtained on day 7 of each cycle to document QTc interval. ECGs will be performed at clinician's discretion in addition to ones required by study as outlined above.
Quality of life will be assessed using QUALMS at baseline and after completion of 4 cycles (Day 112). QUALMS is a 38-item assessment tool for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).
Optimal Dose of Pacritinib in Combination with Azacitidine - Phase 1
"Phase 1 of the study is designed to determine the optimal dose of pacritinib in combination with azacitidine in subjects with moderate, high, and very high risk MDS. The optimal dose (recommended Phase 2 dose, RP2D) will be defined as the highest dose level associated with an acceptable rate of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) during Cycle 1, using a standard 3 + 3 dose-escalation design. DLTs are defined per NCI CTCAE v5.0 (Section 7.5 of protocol): * Any grade ≥ 3 non-hematologic toxicity (excluding grade 3 nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea that improves to ≤ grade 2 within 5 days); * Prolonged grade 4 hematologic toxicities not due to persistent disease; * Any grade 5 toxicity not attributable to disease progression. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacodynamic data will support RP2D selection. "
Time frame: Baseline through Day 28 (Cycle 1)
Rate of Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs) - Phase 1
"the proportion of participants experiencing dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) occurring within thirty days of first dose of study agent that meets the following qualifications and is potentially related to study medication or combination will be considered a dose limiting toxicity. DLTs are defined per NCI CTCAE v5.0 as: * Any grade ≥ 3 non-hematologic toxicity (excluding grade 3 nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea that improves to ≤ grade 2 within 5 days); * Prolonged grade 4 hematologic toxicities (e.g., neutropenia or thrombocytopenia not due to persistent disease); * Any grade 5 toxicity not attributable to disease progression."
Time frame: Baseline through Day 28 (Cycle 1)
Overall Response Rate (ORR) - Phase 2
Overall response rate (ORR) = patients achieving CR (or CR equivalent), PR, CRL, CRh, or hematologic improvement (HI) ÷ total patients. ORR per IWG 2023 criteria; hematologic response per IWG 2018. Responses: CR, CR equivalent, PR, CRL, CRh, or HI (erythroid, platelet, neutrophil). IWG 2023: CR: BM \<5% blasts; Hb ≥10 g/dL; platelets ≥100×10⁹/L; ANC ≥1.0×10⁹/L; no blood blasts. CR equivalent: Baseline \<5% blasts + complete cytogenetic response. PR: CR criteria except ≥50% blast reduction (still ≥5%). CRL: \<5% blasts; no blood blasts; recovery of 1-2 lineages. CRh: \<5% blasts; no blood blasts; platelets \>50×10⁹/L; ANC \>0.5×10⁹/L. IWG 2018 HI: HI-E: Hb ↑ ≥1.5 g/dL or RBC TI ≥8 wks. HI-P: Platelets ↑ ≥30×10⁹/L or from \<20 to \>20×10⁹/L + ≥100% ↑. HI-N: ≥100% ↑ and absolute ↑ ≥0.5×10⁹/L.
Time frame: Baseline through Week 16 (approximately 4 months)
Duration of Overall Response Rate - Phase 2
Time from first documented response (CR, PR, or HI per IWG criteria) until relapse, progression, or death from any cause.
Time frame: Up to 2 years after last patient enrolled
Overall Surival - Phase 2
Time from study enrollment to death from any cause.
Time frame: Up to 24 months
Number of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)
Incidence, seriousness, severity, outcome, discontinuation or dose modifications related to TEAEs. This is separate from the primary endpoint of phase one which will be rate of DLTs.
Time frame: Baseline through Cycle 4, plus 30 days (Approximately 5 months)
Molecular Response Rate (Phase 2)
Assessment of molecular response will be done via rate of disappearance of relevant mutations via next-generation sequencing on pre and post treatment bone marrow samples.
Time frame: Baseline through Week 16 (approximately 4 months)
Change in Intracellular Signaling Pathway Activation (JAK/STAT, NF-κB and AKT/mTOR
Whole blood along with bone marrow aspirate with be collected pre and post treatment to assess intracellular flow and phosflow to detect NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and AKT/mTOR signaling within all myeloid cells. Post treatment will be compared to pre-treatment for all flow markers (intra- and extracellular) for changes in signaling and WBC maturation. Patient genetics will also be evaluated in the context of signaling response and maturation
Time frame: Baseline
Change in Intracellular Signaling Pathway Activation (JAK/STAT, NF-κB and AKT/mTOR
Whole blood along with bone marrow aspirate with be collected pre and post treatment to assess intracellular flow and phosflow to detect NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and AKT/mTOR signaling within all myeloid cells. Post treatment will be compared to pre-treatment for all flow markers (intra- and extracellular) for changes in signaling and WBC maturation. Patient genetics will also be evaluated in the context of signaling response and maturation
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Time frame: After four days of azacitidine and pacritinib therapy
Assessment of Quality of Life Using the quality of life in myelodysplasia scale (QUALMS)
To measure quality of life pre-treatment and after four cycles of treatment using the quality of life in myelodysplasia scale (QUALMS). The Quality of Life in Myelodysplasia Scale (QUALMS) is a 38-item, disease-specific questionnaire used to measure the health-related quality of life in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). It includes three subscales for physical burden, emotional burden, and benefit finding, and a total score ranges from 0 to 100, where a higher score indicates a better quality of life.
Time frame: At Baseline
Assessment of Quality of Life Using the quality of life in myelodysplasia scale (QUALMS)
To measure quality of life pre-treatment and after four cycles of treatment using the quality of life in myelodysplasia scale (QUALMS). The Quality of Life in Myelodysplasia Scale (QUALMS) is a 38-item, disease-specific questionnaire used to measure the health-related quality of life in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). It includes three subscales for physical burden, emotional burden, and benefit finding, and a total score ranges from 0 to 100, where a higher score indicates a better quality of life.
Time frame: After 4 cycles of treatment (approximately 112 days)