Facial Yoga in Menopausal Women

Overview

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of a structured facial yoga-based behavioral intervention on perceived stress, cognitive control, cognitive flexibility, and salivary cortisol levels in women during the menopausal period. The study aims to determine whether a non-pharmacological and non-invasive behavioral intervention can support psychological and cognitive functioning and reduce biological stress responses in menopausal women. Design: This study is designed as a randomized, controlled, pretest-posttest experimental trial with a post-intervention follow-up assessment. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control (usual care) group. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at follow-up to evaluate both the immediate and sustained effects of the intervention. Method: A total of 100 menopausal women aged 45-65 years will be recruited from a menopause outpatient clinic and randomly allocated to either the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group will participate in a 12-week online facial yoga program consisting of two 60-minute sessions per week. In this study, facial yoga refers to a non-pharmacological and non-invasive behavioral intervention focusing on facial myofascial relaxation, breathing regulation, and body awareness for stress regulation and cognitive functioning. The program will include facial myofascial relaxation techniques, basic yoga postures suitable for all physical levels, and structured breathing exercises. All sessions will be conducted online in a group format, and no audio or video recordings will be taken. The control group will continue to receive routine outpatient care during the study period and will be offered the facial yoga program after the completion of follow-up assessments, upon request. Data will be collected at three time points: at baseline prior to the intervention, immediately after completion of the 12-week intervention, and at 8 weeks following the intervention as a follow-up assessment. Perceived stress, cognitive control, and cognitive flexibility will be assessed using validated self-report questionnaires. Salivary cortisol samples will be collected under standardized morning conditions at each assessment point to evaluate biological stress response. Hypotheses: H1: Menopausal women participating in the facial yoga intervention will demonstrate a significant reduction in perceived stress levels compared to the control group at post-intervention and follow-up assessments. H2: Menopausal women participating in the facial yoga intervention will demonstrate a significant reduction in salivary cortisol levels compared to the control group at post-intervention and follow-up assessments. H3: Menopausal women participating in the facial yoga intervention will demonstrate a significant improvement in cognitive control and cognitive flexibility compared to the control group at post-intervention and follow-up assessments.