This prospective randomized clinical study evaluates and compares three different grafting approaches (allograft, xenograft, and combined grafting) used in lateral maxillary sinus augmentation prior to dental implant placement. Patients with posterior maxillary bone deficiency (residual bone height ≤4 mm) undergoing sinus lift surgery were randomly assigned to one of three grafting groups. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to assess bone height before surgery, immediately after grafting, and at 6 months. During implant placement at 6 months, bone biopsy samples were collected from the grafted sites for histological and immunohistochemical evaluation. The study aims to assess vertical bone gain, graft height stability, and biological bone healing using osteocalcin, osteopontin, and RUNX2 markers. The results are intended to provide clinically relevant information regarding the volumetric and biological behavior of different graft materials used in maxillary sinus augmentation.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
37
Lateral sinus floor elevation was performed using allograft material prior to dental implant placement.
Lateral sinus floor elevation was performed using xenograft material prior to dental implant placement.
Lateral sinus floor elevation was performed using a combination of allograft and xenograft materials prior to dental implant placement.
Dental implant placement was performed without sinus augmentation. Bone biopsy samples were obtained from the implant site during implant placement for histological and immunohistochemical evaluation.
Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Dentistry
Tokat Province, Tokat Province, Turkey (Türkiye)
Vertical Bone Height Gain
Vertical bone height gain following lateral maxillary sinus augmentation, measured using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Time frame: 6 months
Graft Height Loss
Change in grafted bone height between early postoperative and 6-month CBCT measurements.
Time frame: 6 months
Histological New Bone Formation
Qualitative and semi-quantitative histological evaluation of new bone formation in bone biopsy samples obtained during implant placement.
Time frame: 6 months
Immunohistochemical Expression of Osteogenic Markers
Immunohistochemical expression of osteocalcin, osteopontin, and RUNX2 in bone biopsy samples obtained from grafted sites.
Time frame: 6 months
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