In predominantly medication-naïve schizophrenic patients, those exhibiting partial metabolic disorders have significantly worse sleep quality and sleep onset time; poor sleep predicted metabolic dysregulation even after controlling for confounding factors. Mental health, sleep, and eating behavior interact in ways that strongly influence the risk of obesity and MetS. Emotional eating (eating in response to emotions rather than hunger) is central to this network and appears to be closely associated with psychiatric illnesses, particularly depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. There is a continuing need to elucidate the frequency, level, and relationship of emotional eating with other factors in individuals with SMI. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate this complex relationship, thereby shedding light on new ways to reduce metabolic risks in psychiatric patients.
Research Questions * Is there a relationship between mental status and MetS in individuals with SMI? * How does diagnosis (schizophrenia or bipolar disorder) and the group of medications used affect MetS in individuals with SMI? * What is the level of emotional eating in individuals with SMI? * Do emotional eating and sleep quality affect MetS in relation to mental status in individuals with SMI? Hypotheses H1 The group of psychotropic medications routinely used significantly affects MetS levels. H2 Individuals with SMI have high levels of emotional eating. H3 As mental status deteriorates, the level of emotional eating increases. H4 Emotional eating mediates the relationship between mental status and MetS. H5 Sleep quality mediates the relationship between mental status and MetS. H6 Emotional eating and sleep quality mediate the relationship between mental status and MetS (multiple mediation model). H7 As sleep quality decreases, emotional eating increases. H8 As the level of emotional eating increases, sleep quality deteriorates, which increases the risk of metabolic syndrome.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
78
Metabolic Syndrome Risk
Participants' current metabolic syndrome risk scores will be measured using the Metabolic Syndrome Risk Index. The total score ranges from 0 to 100. A higher score indicates a higher risk of metabolic syndrome risk.
Time frame: Baseline
Emotional eating level
Participants' current emotional eating level scores will be measured using the Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale.
Time frame: Baseline
Sleep quality
Participants' current sleep quality scores will be measured using the Cumhuriyet Subjective Sleep Quality Scale.
Time frame: Baseline
Positive and negative symptom
Participants' current positive and negative symptom severity. This will be measured using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). It measures the prevalence of positive and negative syndromes in schizophrenia. Scores range from 7-49 for the Positive and Negative Scales, and from 16-112 for the General Psychopathology Scale. The PANSS total score is a minimum of 30 and a maximum of 210. A higher score indicates higher symptom severity.
Time frame: Baseline
Manic symptom
Participants' current manic symptom severity. This will be measured using Young Mania Rating Scale. It measures the prevalence of manic symptom in bipolar disorders. The total score can range from 0 to 60; higher scores indicate more severe manic symptoms.
Time frame: Baseline
Depressive symptoms
Participants' current depressive symptoms severity. This will be measured using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. It measures the prevalence of depressive symptom. In general, the higher the total score, the more severe the depression. HAM-D depression score levels: 10-13 mild; 14-17 mild to moderate; \>17 moderate to severe; \>23 very severe. Total score ranges from 0 to 68.
Time frame: Baseline
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