Smoking causes chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction through alterations in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathways. Maresin is an anti-inflammatory pro-resolving lipid mediator that plays important roles in the resolution of inflammatory processes. Tabata exercise is a short-duration, high-intensity exercise modality with beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the effects of tabata exercise on iNOS, eNOS, and Maresin levels, as well as the relationships among these biomarkers, in smokers and non-smokers.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
40
The Tabata protocol consisted of 20-second high-intensity intervals exceeding 70 % of VO₂max and approaching \~90 % of VO₂max, followed by 10 seconds of rest, repeated for 4 minutes per set. Exercises included high knees, froggers, speed skaters, jumping jacks, and mountain climbers. Following the original Tabata design \[29\], each work-rest cycle was repeated eight times. Each training session began with a 10-15 minute warm-up and concluded with a 10-15 minute cool-down. The total number of sets ranged from 1 to 4, and the number of exercises per session ranged from 4 to 8. Training intensity progressively increased from 30 % to 89 % of maximal effort according to the principle of progressive overload.
Atatürk University
Erzurum, Yakutiye, Turkey (Türkiye)
serum inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level
iNOS level were quantified using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturers' instructions.
Time frame: 6 week after exercise
serum inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level
iNOS level were quantified using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturers' instructions.
Time frame: 12 week after exercise
serum endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) synthase level
eNOS level were quantified using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturers' instructions.
Time frame: 6 week after exercise
serum endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) synthase level
eNOS level were quantified using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturers' instructions.
Time frame: 12 week after exercise
serum maresin level
Maresin level were quantified using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturers' instructions.
Time frame: 6 week after exercise
serum maresin level
Maresin level were quantified using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturers' instructions.
Time frame: 12 week after exercise
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