Glucose-lowering Drugs as an Adjunct to Insulin Therapy in Chinese Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

Inclusion Criteria: 1. The research group consists of T1DM patients who first used oral hypoglycemic drugs from January 2013 to June 2024 and had a glycated hemoglobin level of \>= 7%; The control group consisted of T1DM patients who maintained only insulin treatment regimen and had glycated hemoglobin \>= 7%; 2. Age \>= 18 years old; 3. At least one recorded HbA1c value before the start of treatment; 4. Maintain medication regimen as needed from baseline to at least 3 months; 5. Record the first glycated hemoglobin value after treatment. Exclusion Criteria: 1. The patient had already used hypoglycemic drugs as an adjunct to insulin therapy before admission; 2. DKA、 Serious infection, perioperative status, severe trauma, pregnancy, patient's past or current involvement in interventional clinical research； 3. The standard for determining stress hyperglycemia by the supervising physician; 4. Patients who have no medication records or have not followed the treatment plan formulated by the doctor.