This study evaluates whether progressive relaxation exercises can reduce fear of movement, pain, and improve quality of life in patients with lumbar disc herniation. Participants are randomly assigned to either a control group receiving standard care or an intervention group performing supervised relaxation exercises in addition to standard care. The exercise program is conducted three times per week for 15 sessions. Outcomes are measured before and after the intervention using validated scales assessing kinesiophobia, pain intensity, disability, and quality of life. The goal is to determine whether adding relaxation exercises provides additional benefits for patients with lumbar disc herniation.
Lumbar disc herniation is a common musculoskeletal condition that can cause pain, functional limitation, and fear of movement, which may negatively affect daily activities and quality of life. Psychological factors such as kinesiophobia can contribute to disability and may interfere with rehabilitation outcomes. Relaxation-based approaches are noninvasive interventions that may help reduce muscle tension, pain perception, and movement-related fear. This randomized controlled study investigates the effects of progressive relaxation exercises in patients diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation. Participants are assigned to either a control group receiving standard care or an intervention group receiving progressive relaxation exercises in addition to standard care. The exercise sessions are supervised and delivered over a structured treatment period. Outcome measures assess changes in fear of movement, pain severity, functional disability, and quality of life using validated assessment tools. The study aims to determine whether progressive relaxation exercises provide additional clinical benefit beyond standard care for this patient population. avoids repeating data entered elsewhere (dates, numbers, site names, etc.) is professional and registry-appropriate
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE
Enrollment
96
* The exercises were performed under the supervision of a physiotherapist by using a program developed by Dr. Jonathon Smith and verbal instructions . * The patients were asked to wear comfortable clothes and take off their shoes during the session. * Before the exercise, the patients were taught to breathe deeply through the nose and perform expression by positioning the lips as if making a "U" sound. * The exercises were performed in three sets for each session for the hip, abdominal, waist, back, chest, shoulder and neck muscle groups, as described below 1. The participant takes a deep breath as taught previously. 2. The participant performs muscle contraction along with deep inspiration. 3. The participant then ends the contraction while exhaling through the mouth and relaxing.
Inonu University
Malatya, Turkey (Türkiye)
Change in Kinesiophobia Score
The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia is a validated self-report questionnaire used to assess fear of movement related to pain or injury. Scores range from 17 to 68, with higher scores indicating greater fear of movement. Change is calculated as the difference between pre-intervention and post-intervention scores.
Time frame: Baseline and immediately after completion of the 15-session intervention (approximately 5 weeks)
Change in Pain Intensity (Visual Analog Scale)
Pain intensity is assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), a validated measure consisting of a 10-cm line ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). Participants rate their pain at rest and during movement. Change is calculated as the difference between pre-intervention and post-intervention scores.
Time frame: Baseline and immediately after completion of the 15-session intervention (approximately 5 weeks)
Change in Functional Disability Score (Oswestry Disability Index)
Functional disability is assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index, a validated questionnaire that measures the degree of disability related to low back pain. Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater disability. Change is calculated as the difference between pre-intervention and post-intervention scores.
Time frame: Baseline and immediately after completion of the 15-session intervention (approximately 5 weeks)
Change in Quality of Life Score (Short Form-36 Health Survey)
Quality of life is assessed using the Short Form-36 Health Survey, a validated questionnaire that evaluates health-related quality of life across multiple domains. Scores range from 0 to 100 for each domain, with higher scores indicating better health status. Change is calculated as the difference between pre-intervention and post-intervention scores.
Time frame: Baseline and immediately after completion of the 15-session intervention
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