This research aims to ask (1) Are child and parent measures of coping skills, anxiety and other outcomes reliable (2) How feasible and acceptable is the proposed CB preventative program and protocol (3) Can a preliminary indication of efficacy for CB preventative program be provided.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
56
Cognitive behavioural therapy incorporated into storybook reading with an emphasis on psychoeducation, relaxation techniques, social skills, graded exposure and cognitive strategies, for preschool children
Storybook reading with an emphasis on specific word vocabulary and narrative structure serving as a control, for preschool children
National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University
Singapore, Singapore
RECRUITINGCoping Skills - Coping Questionnaire Parent Report
This consists of questions with a likert type response ranging from a minimum of 1 to a maximum of 7, measuring parent's perception of their child's coping efficacy in anxiety-inducing situations, which they nominate. In this study, the Coping Questionnaire is modified to have 4 questions, each pre-defined to be in keeping with each the four audiobook's anxiety-inducing situations. A higher score indicates a better outcome.
Time frame: Close out (Weeks 9 to 10)
Coping Skills - Coping Skills Word Definitions
This consists of 8 emotional target words that are repeated throughout the 4 audiobooks. Each word is linked to common elements of CBT which are found in each of the four audiobooks, these include relaxation in book 1, social skills in book 2, graded exposure in book 3, cognitive techniques in book 4 and psychoeducation across all 4 books. Each word is scored as 0,1 or 2 denoting incorrect, partially correct and correct. Higher scores denote a better outcome.
Time frame: Close out (Weeks 9 to 10)
Coping skills - Personal Story Generation
Children are asked to verbally tell two personal stories, based on the first and the last books of the audiobooks in the cognitive behavioural arm. Higher scores denote better outcomes.
Time frame: Close-out (Weeks 9 to 10)
Anxiety- Preschool Anxiety Scale
This measures the presence and severity of children's overall anxiety and six subtypes of anxiety: generalised anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, physical injury fears, social anxiety, and separation anxiety. This has 28 items, with each item's minimum value of 0 and a maximum of 4. A higher score denotes a worse outcome.
Time frame: Close out (Weeks 9 to 10)
Maladjustment - Paediatric Symptom Checklist-17
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This is a 17-question parental report screen on children's internalising, attention and externalising problems, with a never/sometimes/often type response, designed for use in children age 4-15 years old. A higher score denotes a worse outcome.
Time frame: Close out (Weeks 9 to 10)
Maladjustment - Children's Emotional Adjustment Scale
This has 29 questions with a never/seldom/sometimes/often/always response (ranging from 0 to 4), measuring children's emotional function in the domains of temper control, social assertiveness, and anxiety control. A higher score denotes a better outcome.
Time frame: Close out (Weeks 9 to 10)
Social Emotional Learning - Social Skills Improvement System
This has 51 questions and measures children's social emotional learning in the domains of self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills and responsible decision-making, with a never/seldom/sometimes/often/always response. Individual item scores range from 0 to 4 with a higher score denoting a better outcome.
Time frame: Close out (Weeks 9 to 10)