2D:4D Finger Ratio and Breast Cancer in Women

Malatya Turgut Ozal University132 enrolled

Overview

This prospective study aims to evaluate the 2D:4D finger ratio in women diagnosed with breast cancer compared to healthy controls and to examine its potential association with tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3). A total of 132 women are included in the study, comprising 79 patients with breast cancer and 53 healthy controls. Participants are recruited from a breast clinic setting. Finger lengths are measured to calculate 2D:4D ratios, and serum CEA and CA 15-3 levels are recorded. Statistical analyses are performed to assess correlations between finger morphometry and tumor marker levels. The study seeks to explore whether finger length patterns and 2D:4D ratios are associated with breast cancer status and selected tumor markers, and to evaluate their potential relevance as non-invasive indicators related to hormonal exposure history.

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women worldwide. Prenatal hormonal exposure has been proposed as a potential factor influencing the development of hormone-related cancers. The second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio is considered an indirect marker of prenatal androgen and estrogen exposure and has been investigated in relation to various health conditions. This prospective study is designed to evaluate differences in 2D:4D finger ratios between women diagnosed with breast cancer and healthy controls and to examine potential associations between digit ratios and tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3). A total of 132 women are included in the study, consisting of 79 breast cancer patients and 53 healthy controls recruited from a breast clinic setting. Finger lengths of both hands are measured to calculate 2D:4D ratios. Serum CEA and CA 15-3 levels are recorded as part of routine clinical evaluation. Statistical analyses are conducted to assess correlations between finger measurements, digit ratios, and tumor marker levels. The study aims to explore whether finger morphometry may provide additional insight into hormonal exposure patterns and their potential relevance in breast cancer assessment.

Study Type

OBSERVATIONAL

Enrollment

132

Conditions

Eligibility

Sex: FEMALEMin age: 19 YearsMax age: 70 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Women aged 18 years and older with histopathologically confirmed primary breast cancer who were evaluated and/or treated at the breast clinic during the study period and who provided written informed consent were included in the study. Exclusion Criteria: * Individuals with hand deformities, a history of finger fractures, or finger deformities were excluded from the study during finger measurements

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

only description measurement

The lengths of the second (index) and fourth (ring) digits were measured on both hands of all participants to calculate the 2D:4D digit ratio. Measurements were obtained using a digital caliper with a precision of 0.01 mm. Each digit was measured from the midpoint of the basal crease (proximal flexion crease) to the tip of the finger, with the hand placed flat and fully extended on a stable surface.

Time frame: 1 patientt's measurements have taken nearly 20 minutes