The goal of this study is to improve the monitoring of fluid retention in cancer patients. The main question it aims to answer is: Can segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis be used to monitor local fluid retention (edema) in cancer patients? We will include: * Breast cancer patients with fluid and or lymph retention in one or both arms after radiotherapy (outpatients) * Cancer patients with fluid retention in one or both legs after chemotherapy (hospitalized) Participants will: * Have measurements taken using bioelectrical impedance * Provide blood samples and 24-hour urine collection * Weight monitorering * Complete diet and fluid registration (inclusive enteral and parenteral) * Have clinical palpatory and measurement assessment of oedema.
Both groups will undergo measurements over a maximum period of six days. Outpatients: Outpatients will complete three measurement cycles, each consisting of two consecutive days: * Day 1: Home-based dietary and fluid intake registration and 24-h urine collection * Day 2: Hospital-based assessment including bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), blood sampling, body weight measurement, and clinical palpatory assessment Each measurement cycle will be separated by a 7-14-day interval. Hospitalized patients: Hospitalized patients will undergo up to six consecutive measurement days, or until discharge or transfer to another ward: * Days 1, 3, and 5: Dietary and fluid intake registration and 24-h urine collection * Days 2, 4, and 6: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), blood sampling, body weight measurement, and clinical palpatory assessment If the treating physician administers i.v. loop diuretics to the hospitalized patient, additional measurements will be taken before administration and hourly for five hours thereafter, as these may significantly affect fluid levels.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
46
Aalborg University Hospital
Aalborg, The North Denmark Region, Denmark
Bio Impedance: ΔTotal body fluid volume (kg) including ΔResistance R (Ω), ΔReactance Xc (Ω) and ΔPhase angle PhA (°)
Electrodes placed on hands/writs and feet/lower shins
Time frame: Measurement days 2, 4, and 6. For outpatients: measurement days 1+2, 3+4, and 5+6 are separated by a 7-14-day interval.
Bio Impedance: ΔSegmental fluid volume (kg) including ΔResistance R (Ω), ΔReactance Xc (Ω) og ΔPhase angle PhA (°)
Electrodes placed close to the local oedema
Time frame: Measurement days 2, 4, and 6. For outpatients: measurement days 1+2, 3+4, and 5+6 are separated by a 7-14-day interval.
ΔBody weight (kg)
Time frame: Measurement days 2, 4, and 6. For outpatients: measurement days 1+2, 3+4, and 5+6 are separated by a 7-14-day interval.
ΔdU-urea (mmol/d)
Based on 24 h urine collection
Time frame: Measurement days 1, 3, and 5. For outpatients: measurement days 1+2, 3+4, and 5+6 are separated by a 7-14-day interval.
ΔdU-creatinine (mmol/d)
Based on 24 h urine collection
Time frame: Measurement days 1, 3, and 5. For outpatients: measurement days 1+2, 3+4, and 5+6 are separated by a 7-14-day interval.
ΔdU-sodium (mmol/d)
Based on 24 h urine collection
Time frame: Measurement days 1, 3, and 5. For outpatients: measurement days 1+2, 3+4, and 5+6 are separated by a 7-14-day interval.
ΔdU-potassium (mmol/d)
Based on 24 h urine collection
Time frame: Measurement days 1, 3, and 5. For outpatients: measurement days 1+2, 3+4, and 5+6 are separated by a 7-14-day interval.
ΔdU-chloride (mmol/d)
Based on 24 h urine collection
Time frame: Measurement days 1, 3, and 5. For outpatients: measurement days 1+2, 3+4, and 5+6 are separated by a 7-14-day interval.
ΔdU-pH
Based on spot urine
Time frame: Measurement days 1, 3, and 5. For outpatients: measurement days 1+2, 3+4, and 5+6 are separated by a 7-14-day interval.
ΔEnergy intake (kJ/kg/day)
Both oral, enteral and parenteral.
Time frame: Measurement days 1, 3, and 5. For outpatients: measurement days 1+2, 3+4, and 5+6 are separated by a 7-14-day interval.
ΔProtein intake (g/kg/day)
Both oral, enteral and parenteral.
Time frame: Measurement days 1, 3, and 5. For outpatients: measurement days 1+2, 3+4, and 5+6 are separated by a 7-14-day interval.
ΔSodium intake (mg/kg/day)
Both oral, enteral and parenteral.
Time frame: Measurement days 1, 3, and 5. For outpatients: measurement days 1+2, 3+4, and 5+6 are separated by a 7-14-day interval.
ΔPotassium intake (mg/kg/day)
Both oral, enteral and parenteral.
Time frame: Measurement days 1, 3, and 5. For outpatients: measurement days 1+2, 3+4, and 5+6 are separated by a 7-14-day interval.
ΔChloride intake (mg/kg/day)
Both oral, enteral and parenteral
Time frame: Measurement days 1, 3, and 5. For outpatients: measurement days 1+2, 3+4, and 5+6 are separated by a 7-14-day interval.
ΔPlasma colloid osmotic pressure (mmHg)
Based on blood sample
Time frame: Measurement days 2, 4, and 6. For outpatients: measurement days 1+2, 3+4, and 5+6 are separated by a 7-14-day interval.
ΔPlasma albumin (g/L)
Based on blood sample
Time frame: Measurement days 2, 4, and 6. For outpatients: measurement days 1+2, 3+4, and 5+6 are separated by a 7-14-day interval.
ΔBlood haemoglobin (g/L)
Based on blood sample
Time frame: Measurement days 2, 4, and 6. For outpatients: measurement days 1+2, 3+4, and 5+6 are separated by a 7-14-day interval.
ΔPlasma creatinine (micromoles per liter)
Based on blood sample
Time frame: Measurement days 2, 4, and 6. For outpatients: measurement days 1+2, 3+4, and 5+6 are separated by a 7-14-day interval.
ΔPlasma urea (mmol/L)
Based on blood sample
Time frame: Measurement days 2, 4, and 6. For outpatients: measurement days 1+2, 3+4, and 5+6 are separated by a 7-14-day interval.
ΔPlasma glucose (mmol/L)
Based on blood sample
Time frame: Measurement days 2, 4, and 6. For outpatients: measurement days 1+2, 3+4, and 5+6 are separated by a 7-14-day interval.
ΔBlood haematocrit (%)
Based on blood sample
Time frame: Measurement days 2, 4, and 6. For outpatients: measurement days 1+2, 3+4, and 5+6 are separated by a 7-14-day interval.
ΔPlasma CRP
Based on blood sample
Time frame: Measurement days 2, 4, and 6. For outpatients: measurement days 1+2, 3+4, and 5+6 are separated by a 7-14-day interval.
ΔBlood leucocytes
Based on blood sample
Time frame: Measurement days 2, 4, and 6. For outpatients: measurement days 1+2, 3+4, and 5+6 are separated by a 7-14-day interval.
Clinical palpatory assessment of oedema volume
Time frame: Measurement days 2, 4, and 6. For outpatients: measurement days 1+2, 3+4, and 5+6 are separated by a 7-14-day interval.
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