Dynamic and Isometric Strength Training in Older Adults With Hypertension

Change from baseline in Clinical resting blood pressure at 6 weeks

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured with automatic device (HEM-742, Omron Healthcare, Japan) in seated position, average of last two of three readings, in millimeters of mercury.

Time frame: Baseline and 6 weeks

Change from baseline in Home blood pressure monitoring at 6 weeks

Seven-day home monitoring with automatic device (Omron Healthcare, Japan), two readings morning and evening in duplicate; average of valid readings, in millimeters of mercury

Time frame: Baseline and 6 weeks

Change from baseline in Flow-mediated dilation at 6 weeks

Brachial and femoral artery vasodilation assessed by ultrasonography with spectral Doppler (Cannon Xario, Japan); calculated as percentage change from baseline

Time frame: Baseline and 6 weeks

Change from baseline in Standard deviation of normal R-R intervals at 6 weeks

Standard deviation of normal R-R intervals will be assessed using the Polar V800 heart rate monitor (Polar Electro, Finland) and expressed in milliseconds (ms).

Time frame: Baseline and 6 weeks

Change from baseline in Arterial stiffness at 6 weeks

Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity measured by applanation tonometry (SphygmoCor, AtCor Medical, Australia), calculated as distance/time in meters per second

Time frame: Baseline and 6 weeks

Change from baseline in Depressive symptoms at 6 weeks

Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), 15 items, scored 0-15, higher score = worse symptoms

Time frame: Baseline and 6 weeks

Change from baseline in Anxiety symptoms at 6 weeks

Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD-7), 7 items, scored 0-21, higher score = worse symptoms

Time frame: Baseline and 6 weeks

Change from baseline in Six-Minute Walk Test distance at 6 weeks

Distance walked in meters during the six-minute walk test performed in a 30-meter corridor.

Time frame: Baseline and 6 weeks

Change from baseline in Root mean square of successive differences between R-R intervals at 6 weeks

Root mean square of successive differences between R-R intervals will be measured using the Polar V800 heart rate monitor (Polar Electro, Finland) and expressed in milliseconds (ms).

Time frame: Baseline to 6 weeks

Change from baseline in Proportion of successive R-R intervals differing by more than 50 milliseconds at 6 weeks

Proportion of successive R-R intervals differing by more than 50 milliseconds will be measured using the Polar V800 heart rate monitor (Polar Electro, Finland) and expressed in milliseconds (ms).

Time frame: Baseline to 6 weeks.

Change from baseline in Low-frequency spectral power at 6 weeks

Low-frequency spectral power will be assessed using the Polar V800 (Polar Electro, Finland) and expressed in ms².

Time frame: Baseline to 6 weeks.

Change from baseline in high-frequency power at 6 weeks

high-frequency power High-frequency component measured with Polar V800 (Polar Electro, Finland), expressed in ms².

Time frame: Baseline to 6 weeks.

Change from baseline in Low-frequency to high-frequency ratio at 6 weeks

Low-frequency to high-frequency ratio measured with Polar V800 (Polar Electro, Finland).

Time frame: Baseline to 6 weeks.

Change from baseline in Timed Up and Go Time at 6 weeks

time in seconds to stand from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn, return, and sit down.

Time frame: Baseline and 6 weeks.

Change from baseline in 30-second Chair stand repetitions at 6 weeks

number of full stands from a seated position completed in 30seconds.

Time frame: Baseline and 6 weeks.

Change from baseline in handgrip strength at 6 weeks

maximum voluntary isometric handgrip strength measured using handheld dynamometer instrutherm DM-90 (Brazil), expressed in kilogram-force (kgf).

Time frame: Baseline and 6 weeks.

Change from baseline in isometric knee extensor strength at 6 weeks

Maximum isometric knee extensor strength measured at 90º knee angle using horizontal leg press, expressed in kilogram-force (kgf).

Time frame: Baseline and 6 weeks.