This observational study aims to evaluate the association between periodontal status and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels in patients diagnosed with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Both serum and saliva TMAO concentrations will be measured and compared according to periodontal health, periodontitis, and edentulism status. Clinical periodontal examinations and biological sample collection will be performed. The study seeks to investigate whether oral health status is associated with systemic TMAO levels in individuals with PAD.
This observational cross-sectional study is designed to investigate the relationship between periodontal status and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels in patients diagnosed with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Adult patients with confirmed PAD will be included. Participants will undergo a full-mouth periodontal examination and will be categorized according to their periodontal status as periodontally healthy, periodontitis, or edentulous. Standard clinical periodontal parameters will be recorded. Biological samples, including venous blood and unstimulated saliva, will be collected under standardized conditions. Serum and salivary TMAO levels will be analyzed using appropriate laboratory methods. The primary outcome is the comparison of serum and salivary TMAO concentrations according to periodontal status. Secondary outcomes include the evaluation of potential associations between periodontal clinical parameters and TMAO levels. No intervention will be applied to participants. The study is observational and aims to explore the potential association between oral health status and systemic biomarkers in individuals with peripheral artery disease.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
61
Ankara University Faculty of Dentistry
Ankara, Ankara, Turkey (Türkiye)
Serum Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) Levels (ng/ml)
Comparison of serum TMAO concentrations according to periodontal status (periodontitis, gingivitis, and edentulism).
Time frame: At baseline (single time-point assessment)
Salivary Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) Level (ng/ml)
Comparison of salivary TMAO concentrations according to periodontal status (periodontitis, gingivitis, and edentulism).
Time frame: At baseline (single time-point assessment)
Mean Periodontal Probing Depth (mm)
Mean probing depth measured in millimeters at six sites per tooth using a calibrated periodontal probe during full-mouth periodontal examination.
Time frame: At baseline
Mean Clinical Attachment Loss (mm)
Mean clinical attachment loss measured in millimeters at six sites per tooth using a calibrated periodontal probe during full-mouth periodontal examination.
Time frame: At baseline
Bleeding on Probing (%)
Percentage of sites exhibiting bleeding upon gentle probing at six sites per tooth during full-mouth periodontal examination.
Time frame: At baseline
Plaque Index (mean score)
Mean plaque index score assessed at six sites per tooth during full-mouth periodontal examination using a standardized plaque index scoring system.
Time frame: At baseline
Number of Remaining Teeth
Total number of natural teeth present in the oral cavity, recorded during full-mouth clinical examination.
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Time frame: At baseline