RCT on Running Water Sound During Urodynamic

Anxiety level before urodynamic procedure measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)

Anxiety level assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), a 10-cm horizontal line where 0 = no anxiety and 10 = extreme anxiety (higher scores indicate worse anxiety). Participants mark their current anxiety level immediately before the urodynamic procedure begins.

Time frame: Immediately before the start of the urodynamic procedure

Anxiety level during pressure-flow study measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)

Anxiety level assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), a 10-cm horizontal line where 0 = no anxiety and 10 = extreme anxiety (higher scores indicate worse anxiety). Participants mark their anxiety level during the pressure-flow study phase of the urodynamic procedure (while listening to running water sound or in the control condition).

Time frame: During the pressure-flow study phase of the urodynamic procedure

Anxiety level within 15 minutes after urodynamic procedure measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)

Anxiety level assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), a 10-cm horizontal line where 0 = no anxiety and 10 = extreme anxiety (higher scores indicate worse anxiety). Participants mark their current anxiety level within 15 minutes after completion of the urodynamic procedure.

Time frame: Within 15 minutes after completion of the urodynamic procedure

Detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate (PdetQmax) measured by urodynamic pressure-flow study

Detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate (PdetQmax), defined as the detrusor pressure (in cmH₂O) recorded at the point of maximum urinary flow rate during voluntary voiding with an indwelling catheter in place. This is measured using simultaneous intravesical and intra-abdominal pressure transducers in the standard urodynamic pressure-flow study, and it reflects detrusor contractility and outlet resistance.

Time frame: During the pressure-flow study phase of the urodynamic procedure

Proportion of participants able to micturate (void) during pressure-flow study phase

Proportion (percentage) of participants who successfully micturate (void urine) with an indwelling catheter in place during the pressure-flow study phase of the urodynamic procedure. This binary outcome (yes/no) is assessed and recorded by the urodynamicist based on direct observation and urodynamic system data (presence of urine flow \>0 mL/s during voluntary voiding attempt). It evaluates whether the auditory intervention (running water sound) facilitates voiding under catheterized conditions.

Time frame: During the pressure-flow study phase of the urodynamic procedure

Bladder Outlet Obstruction Index (BOOI) calculated from urodynamic pressure-flow study

Bladder Outlet Obstruction Index (BOOI), a calculated index of bladder outlet obstruction, derived from the formula: BOOI = PdetQmax - (2 × Qmax), where PdetQmax is detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate (cmH₂O) and Qmax is maximum urinary flow rate (mL/s). Measured during the pressure-flow study phase using standard urodynamic equipment. Higher BOOI values indicate greater degree of bladder outlet obstruction (worse outcome).

Time frame: At the point of maximum urinary flow rate during the pressure-flow study

Bladder Contractility Index (BCI) calculated from urodynamic pressure-flow study

Bladder Contractility Index (BCI), a calculated index of bladder contractility, derived from the formula: BCI = PdetQmax + (5 × Qmax), where PdetQmax is detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate (cmH₂O) and Qmax is maximum urinary flow rate (mL/s). Measured during the pressure-flow study phase using standard urodynamic equipment. Higher BCI values indicate stronger bladder contractility (better outcome).

Time frame: At the point of maximum urinary flow rate during the pressure-flow study