This randomized controlled trial evaluates the effectiveness of diaphragmatic deep breathing exercises on pain and hemodynamic parameters in patients after peripheral percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group, which performed the breathing exercises, or a control group, which received standard post-PTA care. Pain levels and hemodynamic parameters, including heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation, were measured before and after the intervention. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were also collected to explore potential associations with patient responses. The purpose of this study is to determine whether diaphragmatic deep breathing can reduce post-PTA pain and support hemodynamic stability, thereby improving patient comfort and recovery outcomes.
This study is a randomized controlled trial designed to assess the effectiveness of diaphragmatic deep breathing exercises on pain intensity and hemodynamic parameters in adult patients following peripheral percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). Eligible participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, which performed structured diaphragmatic breathing exercises, or the control group, which received standard post-PTA care. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before, immediately after, and one hour following the exercises. Hemodynamic parameters-including heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and oxygen saturation-were recorded at the same time points. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected to examine potential associations with the participants' responses to the intervention. The study aims to determine whether diaphragmatic deep breathing exercises can effectively reduce post-PTA pain and support hemodynamic stability, offering a non-pharmacological approach to improve patient comfort and recovery outcomes.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
100
Participants will perform guided diaphragmatic deep breathing exercises after peripheral percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). The technique involves slow deep inhalation through the nose with abdominal expansion followed by controlled exhalation through the mouth under researcher supervision. The intervention aims to reduce pain intensity and stabilize hemodynamic parameters.
Najaf Center for Cardiac Surgery and Cardiac Catheterisation , Najaf Health Directorate
Najaf, Iraq
Pain intensity after diaphragmatic deep breathing exercises
Pain intensity measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain).
Time frame: Before exercise, immediately after exercise, and one hour post-exercise
systolic BP
Systolic blood pressure measured in mmHg to evaluate cardiovascular response following diaphragmatic breathing exercises.
Time frame: Before exercise, immediately after exercise, and one hour post-exercise
Diastolic Blood Pressure
Diastolic blood pressure measured in mmHg to evaluate cardiovascular stability following diaphragmatic breathing exercises.
Time frame: Before exercise, immediately after exercise, and one hour post-exercise
Heart Rate
Heart rate measured in beats per minute to assess the hemodynamic response to diaphragmatic breathing exercises following peripheral PTA.
Time frame: Before exercise, immediately after exercise, and one hour post-exercise
Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)
Peripheral oxygen saturation measured using pulse oximetry to assess oxygenation status after diaphragmatic breathing exercises.
Time frame: Before exercise, immediately after exercise, and one hour post-exercise
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