A Multifunctional Miniature Nephroscope for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

After all the preparations of the procedure, the operator could select the appropriate nephroscope based on the stone burden. It was feasible and efficient to use the F17 nephroscope for the removal of large and soft calculi through ultrasonic lithotripsy. If the stones were hard and large, it would be advisable to select the F12 nephroscope for stone removal through pneumatic lithotripsy or by using a laser fiber, and the negative pressure suction function could enhance efficiency. To minimize the wound size, it was advisable to select the F8 nephroscope for small stones and utilize its suction-evacuation function to extract the stones. For complex kidney stones, including multiple stones or staghorn stones, surgeons can choose from combinations of the F8 nephroscope, F12 nephroscope, and F17 nephroscope to completely remove the stones.