Investigation and Classification of Treatable Traits in Patients With Chronic Airway Diseases

Overview

This research study focuses on chronic airway diseases, such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and asthma. These conditions make it difficult for patients to breathe, but breathing difficulty (dyspnea) is often perceived very differently. Some patients may feel severe distress with mild breathing problems, while others might not notice significant breathing issues even when lung function is poor. This difference in perception is termed "dyspnea perception." The main goal of this study is to understand how dyspnea perception varies among patients with chronic airway diseases. The investigators aim to determine if patients can be grouped into different subtypes based on the perception of breathing difficulties. The study will also investigate how these subtypes relate to other treatable characteristics, such as blood cell counts, allergy test results, and findings from lung function tests and brain scans. Approximately 800 patients with COPD or asthma and 150 healthy volunteers will participate. Participants will answer questionnaires, undergo lung function tests, provide blood samples, and a subset will undergo a special brain scan (functional MRI). No new treatments will be assigned; instead, these characteristics will be observed and measured over time. It is hoped that this study will help doctors better understand chronic airway diseases and lead to more personalized management strategies for patients in the future.

Participants: The study aims to enroll approximately 800 patients with physician-diagnosed COPD (according to GOLD 2022 criteria) or asthma (according to GINA 2022 criteria), aged 20-75 years, and 150 age-matched healthy controls. Interventions/Assessments: No investigational interventions will be assigned. Participants will undergo comprehensive assessments at baseline and follow-up visits, including: Dyspnea perception measurement (using standardized scales). Spirometry, lung volume, and diffusion capacity tests. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement. Blood tests (including complete blood count, total IgE, allergen screening). Health-related quality of life questionnaires (CAT, mMRC, AQLQ, SGRQ). High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brain (in a subset of participants). Data on exacerbations, comorbidities, and current medications will be collected.