The purpose of this study is to see if a combination of an educational curriculum and health coaching embedded within Special Olympics improves health outcomes and healthcare access compared to regular Special Olympics sport and health programming for adults with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
1,040
Participants will receive group health coaching, psychoeducation, and group health education.
Standard practices for those participating in Special Olympics
Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin
Madison, Wisconsin, United States
Change in Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS)
GAS is measured using three participant-identified goals, each assigned a priority weight from 1 to 3 (3=most important goal to participant). At each assessment, each goal is assigned a score from -2 to +2, with 0 representing expected level of attainment and 2 indicating much more than expected level of attainment; goals are assigned a score of -2 at baseline. GAS score levels across all three participant goals are converted into a standardized single GAS T-score for each participant. The range of possible T-scores is 23.56 (all three goals with GAS score of -2) to 76.44 (all three goals with GAS score of +2).
Time frame: Baseline to 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months
Change in number of doctor visits
Participants will self-report how many times they visited their adult or family-care practitioner over the course of the study
Time frame: Baseline, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months
Change in number of routine health check-ups
Participants will self-report whether they received routine care throughout the study
Time frame: Baseline, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months
Change in number of participants with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities that follow-up with their primary physician
Participants will self-report whether they followed-up with their primary physician using HEALTH 4 ME tools to inform them of risk or concern about their health.
Time frame: Baseline, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months
Change in quality of life - "Healthy Days Measure"
The CDC HRQOL-14 (Healthy Days Measures) scoring involves creating an Unhealthy Days Score by summing days with poor physical and mental health (max 30), and a Healthy Days Score (30 minus unhealthy days); individual items (general health, symptoms like pain, depression, energy) are often scored separately (0-30 for days, 1-5 for general health), with higher scores generally indicating worse health, except for energy/lack of fatigue, where higher is better. There isn't a single, complex summary score, but rather metrics for different aspects of quality of life, reported as means or percentages.
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Time frame: Baseline, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months
Change in healthcare access satisfaction
Participants will self-report their satisfaction with healthcare access via responses to 3 survey items, scored on a 3-point Likert scale where 1 = easy and 3 = hard. Scores range from 3-9 with lower scores indicating greater satisfaction.
Time frame: Baseline, 3, 12, and 18 months post-intervention
Change in healthcare use satisfaction
Participants will self-report their satisfaction with healthcare use via responses to 3 survey items. Items are scored on a 3-point Likert scale, where 1 = very satisfied and 3 = not satisfied. Scores range from 3-9 with higher scores indicating lower level of satisfaction.
Time frame: Baseline, 3, 12, and 18 months post-intervention
Change in self-advocacy
Participants will be interviewed regarding their perceptions and understanding of health self-advocacy.
Time frame: Baseline, 3, 12, and 18 months post-intervention