This study aims to develop a muscle-specific multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) model for the diagnosis of sarcopenia and to investigate the effects of rehabilitation training on muscle aging. Clinical, functional, and imaging data will be collected from participants with muscle function decline. Multimodal data, including muscle function measurements and clinical assessments, will be integrated to develop and validate an AI-based diagnostic model for sarcopenia. In addition, the effects of rehabilitation training on muscle function and muscle aging-related outcomes will be evaluated. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of digital biomarkers and precision rehabilitation strategies for sarcopenia.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
75
Participants will perform a structured rehabilitation training program designed to improve muscle strength, physical performance, and muscle function. Clinical assessments and muscle function measurements will be collected before and after the rehabilitation program to evaluate the effects of training and to support the development of a muscle-specific multimodal AI model for sarcopenia diagnosis.
AI model performance
The performance of the muscle-specific multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) model for detecting sarcopenia will be evaluated using the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC). The AUC evaluates the ability of the AI model to discriminate between participants with and without sarcopenia(e.g., handgrip strength, gait speed, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass). The AUC value ranges from 0.5 to 1.0, where higher values indicate better discrimination performance of the AI model.
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks after rehabilitation training
Five-Times Chair Stand Test (5×STS)
Time required to complete the Five-Times Chair Stand Test, which assesses lower extremity muscle strength and functional performance. Participants will be instructed to stand up and sit down five times as quickly as possible with arms folded across the chest. The time required to complete the test will be recorded in seconds.
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks after rehabilitation training
Gait Speed
Gait speed will be assessed using the 6-meter walk test. Participants will be instructed to walk at their usual pace over a 6-meter distance. Gait speed will be recorded in meters per second (m/s).
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks after rehabilitation training
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass (DEXA)
Appendicular skeletal muscle mass will be measured using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). Muscle mass will be reported as appendicular lean mass (kg).
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks after rehabilitation training
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass (BIA)
Appendicular skeletal muscle mass will also be measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Muscle mass will be reported as appendicular skeletal muscle mass (kg).
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks after rehabilitation training
Sarcopenia Screening
Sarcopenia risk will be assessed using the Strength, Assistance with walking, Rising from a chair, Climbing stairs, and Falls questionnaire (SARC-F). Scores range from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater risk of sarcopenia.
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks after rehabilitation training
Handgrip Strength
Handgrip strength will be measured using a hand-held dynamometer. Maximum grip strength will be recorded in kilograms (kg).
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks after rehabilitation training
Single Muscle Fiber Contractile Properties
Contractile properties of permeabilized single muscle fibers will be assessed using a single muscle fiber mechanics system (Aurora Scientific, Canada). Measurements will include maximum isometric force (Po, mN), specific force (kN/m²), and rate of force redevelopment (ktr, s-¹) obtained from isolated muscle fibers. Higher values of maximum isometric force and specific force indicate greater muscle fiber contractile capacity.
Time frame: Baseline to 12 weeks after rehabilitation training
Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)
Physical performance will be assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), which includes balance tests, gait speed, and the chair stand test. Total score ranges from 0 to 12, with higher scores indicating better physical performance.
Time frame: Time Frame: Baseline to 12 weeks after rehabilitation training
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