FAPI-PET Value for the Initial Screening of Pancreatic and Biliary Cancers

Overview

Pancreatic cancer is one of the worst-prognosed cancers with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Its incidence has been steadily increasing for several years in France and worldwide. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma may become the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the years 2030-2040. Current standard of care for pancreatic cancer imaging at initial workup comprise CT imaging and MRI. However, these imaging modalities lack sensitivity and accuracy, with an estimated rate of about 30% of patients either with visceral or lymph node metastasis discovered during planned surgery or with relapse occurring during the first 6 months after surgery suggesting occult metastasis at diagnosis. Therefore, there is a clear need for new imaging modalities at initial diagnosis for more adapted and individualized therapeutic decision. Cholangiocarcinoma (or cancer of the bile ducts) also has a dismal prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of 7%. The therapeutic objective is to obtain a surgical resection R0 when possible which can be associated with improved survival of up to 40% in appropriately selected patients. However, surgical morbidity and mortality are high, especially in peri-hilar forms. The detection of lymph node metastasis beyond the hepatic hilum is crucial, as surgery is considered futile in this situation. Current standard imaging at initial work-up include CT and MRI that have limited performance in estimating surgical resecability with a sensitivity of 60% for detecting lymph nodes metastasis and 67% for detecting distant metastasis. Therefore, there is also here an unmet need for improved baseline imaging. In summary, this project is focused on two digestive cancers with poor prognosis in which preoperative imaging accuracy remains today imperfect. Therefore, we aim to demonstrate, when compared with current standard imaging, that 68Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT performed at baseline imaging in pancreatic and biliary duct cancers, leads to a change in TNM classification and subsequently to a change in therapeutic management. To our knowledge, this will be the first (or one of the first) structured multicenter prospective study to evaluate the additional and potentially decisive contribution of 68Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT carried out after a standard imaging workup at initial diagnosis of pancreatic and biliary duct cancers. If the diagnostic superiority of 68Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT is confirmed, this study could lead to define a new standard of care for the imaging of these cancers with poor prognosis. The study should also help to set the ground for future theranostic approaches where 68Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT would help select patients for targeted radionuclide therapy.