Middle-aged women with (overweight/)obesity who will begin or have begun GLP-1 medication use will be recruited to complete a 12-week diet intervention study. For 12-weeks, participants will continue to take their GLP-1 medication and may be provided with protein-rich foods to consume every day. Body composition, eating behavior, health, and well-being will be measured before and after the study.
Middle-aged women with (overweight/)obesity who will begin or have begun GLP-1 medication use will be recruited to complete a 12-week, parallel-design, dietary protein intervention trial. The participants will be randomized into the following groups: GLP-1 ONLY (no dietary intervention) or GLP-1 + Protein. The GLP-1 only group will take/continue to take the respective GLP-1 medication as prescribed by their physician, whereas the GLP-1 + Protein group will take/continue to take the respective GLP-1 medication as prescribed by their physician but will be provided with a variety of protein-rich pork foods to yield 20 g of protein, twice daily, for 12 weeks, totaling \~40 g high quality protein. In addition, recipes will be provided to support the consumption of the protein-rich foods within the breakfast meal (required) and in other eating occasions. Baseline and post-study assessments include body composition, eating behavior, food intake, appetite, satiety, food cravings, food reward, and health \& well-being.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
75
For 12 weeks, the participants will either receive a variety of pork-based protein-rich foods, or will continue to eat their habitual diet without any dietary intervention.
Dell Pediatric Research Center
Austin, Texas, United States
University of Texas at Austin
Austin, Texas, United States
Body Composition
Whole body total, fat, and fat free mass will be determined with Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). The DXA uses a linear X-ray fan beam with switched-pulse dual-energy and a multi-element detector array. The whole body scan takes \<1.8 sec with radiation exposure of 0.01mGy.
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Muscle Mass
D3-creatine method determines muscle mass by measuring the total-body creatine pool size through isotope dilution. Participants will ingest 30 mg of D3-creatine powder dissolved in water. Following consumption, three spot urine samples will be collected at 24-, 48-, and 72-hours using study supplies.
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
3-day Average Daily Intake
Free-living energy intake, portion sizes, and eating patterns will be assessed using 3 24-h dietary recalls will be collected via a phone intervention or using the computerized ASA24 (Automated Self-administered 24-hour Dietary Assessment Tool) program. The participants will recall everything consumed (beverages and foods) over the previous day.
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Energy Expenditure and Sleep
Free-living sleep will be measured for 7 days through actigraphy. The device will be worn continuously on the wrist over a period of 7 days for measures of energy expenditure, resting periods, steps, sleep quality, and latency. Sleep quality and patterns will also be assessed using sleep diaries and questionnaires.
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Food Noise
Questionnaires assessing Food Noise will be completed: Food Noise Questionnaire (FNQ) and Ro Allison Dhurandhar Food Noise Inventory (RAID-FN). Higher scores indicate higher presence of food noise.
Time frame: Baseline, 2 week, 4 week, 6 week, 8 week, 10 week, 12 weeks
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Depression
Participants will complete the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). 9-item screening tool for depression. Higher scores indicate increased depression severity.
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Anxiety
Participants will complete the Generalized Anxiety disorder (GAD) questionnaire which is a 7-item screening tool for generalized anxiety disorder. The questions assess whether various anxiety symptoms have been experienced and how frequently they occurred over a two-week period. Higher scores indicate increased anxiety severity.
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Pork Consumption
During a breakfast challenge meal in the laboratory, participants will be provided with specific breakfast foods (i.e., fruit, starchy vegetables, eggs) to consume over a 20 min period. In addition, they will be provided with fresh, minimally processed pork sausage to consume ad libitum during the meal. The pork will be weighed before and after breakfast to assess pork consumption. Questionnaires assessing pork palatability (i.e., appearance, aroma, flavor, texture, overall liking) and appetite/satiety (i.e., hunger, fullness, desire to eat) will collected throughout the breakfast meal. The questionnaires contain VAS incorporating a 100mm horizontal line rating scale for each response. The questions are worded as "how strong is your feeling of" with anchors of "not all" to "extremely."
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Appetite, Satiety, Food Craving and Mood
In a free-living environment, participants will be provided with pork breakfast or no pork breakfasts, on separate days. Questionnaires assessing appetitive sensations (i.e., hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective food consumption) food cravings (sweet, savory-fat), and mood (sleepy, energy, nauseous) will be collected throughout the day. The questionnaires contain VAS incorporating a 100mm horizontal line rating scale for each response. The questions are worded as "how strong is your feeling of" with anchors of "not all" to "extremely."
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Control of Eating
Participants will complete the Control of Eating Questionnaire (CoEQ) which is a 21-item survey that measures severity and type of food cravings an individual experiences over a pre-defined time period.
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks
Health and Well-being Questionnaire
Participants will complete the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36v2) which is a 36-item questionnaire that measures health related quality of life. 8 domains captured: physical functioning, physical and emotional limitations, social functioning, bodily pain, general and mental health that are designed to capture an individual's perceptions on their health and well-being.
Time frame: Baseline and 12 weeks