This single-blind, randomized controlled trial will employ a two-arm parallel design (exercise group vs. control group) with a 12-week intervention period. Randomization will be implemented using SPSS 25.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) to ensure balanced group allocation. All outcome measures will be assessed at baseline and post-intervention.
The exercise intervention will consist of supervised progressive resistance training sessions conducted three times weekly (with a minimum 48-hour rest period between sessions) at Firat University Hospital. Control participants will maintain their usual daily activities without participating in any structured exercise programs. A blinded neurologist will perform all clinical assessments to eliminate measurement bias. To control for circadian variations, all evaluations will be scheduled at consistent times of day for each participant. Environmental conditions will be strictly maintained during testing sessions (ambient temperature: 21-22°C; humidity: 55-60%). This study will be designed and reported in accordance with CONSORT guidelines for randomized trials, incorporating all essential elements for transparent randomized controlled reporting, including allocation concealment, blinding procedures, and intention-to-treat principles.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
30
According to current clinical guidelines for multiple sclerosis patients, the progressive resistance training (PRT) protocol will be implemented as follows: a 12-week intervention consisting of three supervised 60-90 minutes sessions per week at 60-80% of one-repetition maximum intensity. All training sessions will be conducted under the direct supervision of a certified physiotherapist to ensure proper technique adherence and safety throughout the intervention period
Fırat University
Elâzığ, Turkey (Türkiye)
MRI Acquisition and Volumetric Analysis
Volumetric brain analysis will be conducted using VolBrain, an open-access automated segmentation platform for brain MRI.
Time frame: 12 Weeks
Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein measurement
All patients will be asked to provide blood samples in the morning following their overnight (12 h) fast before and after the study. The unit ng/ml will be used for serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein.
Time frame: 12 Weeks
Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite
Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) is a standardized, quantitative tool used to assess disability and functional changes in individuals with multiple sclerosis.
Time frame: 12 Weeks
Fatigue Impact Scale
The Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS) was used to evaluate the effect of fatigue on daily activities in individuals with MS.
Time frame: 12 Weeks
Short form-12 version 2 (SF-12v2)
The SF-12v2 is a psychometrically validated, reliable, generic HRQoL instrument that assesses patients' physical and mental health. It is a short form of the SF-36, which is frequently used in clinical trials. The SF-12v2 consists of 12 questions from the SF-36 that evaluate the exact eight health domains as the SF-36: physical function, the role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social function, the role-emotional, and mental health. The Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores are norm-based scores ranging from 0 to 100, calculated from responses to the 12 questions using scoring software.
Time frame: 12 Weeks
Problem-Solving Inventory (PSI)
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
In the Likert-type inventory, each item is scored between 1 and 6. Three items are excluded from the scoring. Certain inventory items are reverse-scored. It is assumed that 32 items represent adequate problem-solving skills. A large-scale score indicates that the individual considers him/herself inadequate, exhibits avoidance-attachment behavior, and lacks personal control. The scale scores could range between 32 and 192
Time frame: 12 Weeks
Emotional intelligence scale (EIS)
''Emotional Intelligence Assessment Scale" includes five subscales: Emotional awareness (items 1, 2, 4, 17, 19, 25), emotion management (items 3, 7, 8, 10, 18, 30), self-motivation (items 5, 6, 13, 14, 16, 22), empathy (items 9, 11, 20, 21, 23, 28), relationship control (items 12, 15, 24, 26, 27, 29). The 6-point Likert-type scale (1: completely disagree, 2: partially disagree, 3: slightly disagree, 4: slightly agree, 5: partially agree, 6: completely agree) includes 30 items. There are no reverse-scored items. A total score of 155 or higher is considered high (very strong), scores between 130 and 150 are considered normal (some improvement needed), and scores of 129 and below are considered low (definitely needed improvement).
Time frame: 12 Weeks