In this study, we hypothesized that Virtual Reality Mirror Therapy with Focused Object-Directed Attention (VRMTFOA) would yield superior therapeutic effects compared to conventional Virtual Reality Mirror Therapy (VRMT) in individuals with unilateral stroke. The aim of this study is to compare the immediate effects of a single session of VRMT, VRMTFOA, and VRMTFOA with auditory feedback on upper extremity function and brain activity in stroke patients.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
54
Motor training targeted to goals that are relevant to the functional needs of the patient
National Cheng-Kung University Hospital
Tainan, Taiwan, Taiwan
Change in the result of Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) for motor function of upper extremity test
Each item is rated on a three-point ordinal scale (2 points for the detail being performed completely, 1 point for the detail being performed partially, and 0 for the detail not being performed). The maximum motor performance score is 66 points for the upper extremity.
Time frame: baseline, 9 weeks and 21 weeks
Change in the result of Modified Ashworth scale (MAS)
Muscle tone is defined by assess muscle tone by evaluating resistance to passive stretch, reflecting the level of spasticity, with scores ranging from 0 (no increase in tone) to 4 (rigidity in flexion or extension).
Time frame: baseline, 9 weeks and 21 weeks
Change in the result of Box and blocks test
The score is the number of blocks carried from one box to the other in one minute. Higher values represent a better outcome.
Time frame: baseline, 9 weeks and 21 weeks
Change in the result of Semmes-Weinstein monofilament (SWM) test
The Semmes-Weinstein monofilamenttest examines the cutaneous pressure threshold, range from 1.65-6.65. Higher values represent a worse outcome.
Time frame: baseline, 9 weeks and 21 weeks
Change in the result of Motor Activity Log
Semi-structured interview examine how much and how well the subject uses their more-affected arm for 30 ADLs. Score range from 0-5. Higher values represent a better outcome.
Time frame: baseline, 9 weeks and 21 weeks
Surface electromyography (sEMG)
Change in the root mean square (RMS) of the EMG signal was computed to quantify the change of muscle activation.
Time frame: baseline, 9 weeks
Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale
Assess overall clinical change, rated on a 7-point scale ranging from 1 (very much improved) to 7 (very much worse).
Time frame: 9 weeks
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