This study aimed to investigate whether the biomarkers GFAP, NfL, and VEGF-recently considered important guides for better understanding the pathophysiology of MS-also serve as indicators of clinical progression in MS.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
22
Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)
The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is a method of quantifying disability in multiple sclerosis. Scores range from 0 to 10, in 0.5-point increments, where 0 indicates normal neurological status and 10 indicates death due to multiple sclerosis. The scale is based on the assessment of functional systems and ambulation, with higher scores reflecting greater disability.
Time frame: Baseline
Standardized Mini-Mental Test
The Standardized Mini-Mental Test (MMT/MMSE) score ranges from 0 to 30. Higher scores indicate better cognitive function.
Time frame: Baseline
Symbol Digit Modalities Test
The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is a neuropsychological test used to assess information processing speed, attention, and visual-motor coordination. Score range: Typically 0 to \~110 (number of correct responses in 90 seconds; exact upper limit depends on performance) Higher scores: Indicate better cognitive processing speed and function
Time frame: Baseline
Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29)
Score range: 29-145 (each item scored 1-5) Higher scores: Indicate greater impact of MS on daily life (worse physical and psychological status)
Time frame: Baseline
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)
This biomarker will be analyzed using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
Time frame: Baseline
Neurofilament Light Chain (NfL)
This biomarker will be analyzed using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
Time frame: Baseline
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)
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This biomarker will be analyzed using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
Time frame: Baseline