Effect of Music on Anxiety, Pulse Rate, and Pain During Fissure Sealant Application in Children

Nigde Omer Halisdemir University90 enrolled

Overview

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of music on anxiety, heart rate, and pain perception in children during fissure sealant application, and to compare the effectiveness of clinician-selected and patient-selected music. A total of 90 children aged 6-9 years were included in this split-mouth study. Each child received fissure sealant treatment on three permanent first molars under three different conditions: no music, clinician-selected music, and patient-selected music. Anxiety levels were assessed using the Facial Image Scale (FIS), heart rate was measured with a pulse oximeter, and pain perception was evaluated using the Wong-Baker Pain Scale. Measurements were recorded before and after each procedure. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

Conditions

Dental Anxiety Pediatric Dental Patients Dental Procedures Pain Perception

Interventions

Music intervention 1OTHER

Participants listened to a standardized classical music piece (Pachelbel's Canon in D Major) played through a speaker for approximately 5 minutes during the procedure. The volume was kept constant.

Music intervention 2OTHER

Participants listened to their preferred music played through a speaker for approximately 5 minutes during the procedure. If the selected music was shorter than 5 minutes, it was replayed to standardize the duration. The volume was kept constant.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 6 YearsMax age: 9 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Children aged 6-9 years 2. Children with at least 3 fully erupted permanent first molars 3. Children requiring pit and fissure sealant application 4. Children with no previous dental treatment experience 5. Children without learning disabilities 6. Children without any systemic diseases Exclusion Criteria: 1. Children with any physical or mental disability 2. Children who have previously experienced any psychological disorder that could affect anxiety measurement 3. Children who have previously received fissure sealant or any other dental treatment 4. Children whose permanent first molars have not fully erupted, are carious, or have previously undergone other procedures 5. Children who were unable to cooperate during the procedure

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Anxiety Level

Anxiety levels of children were assessed using the Facial Image Scale before and after each intervention.The scale was scored by ranging from 1 (most positive emotion) to 5 (most negative emotion).

Time frame: Immediately before and after the procedure

Pulse Rate

The children's pulses were assessed before and after each intervention using a finger pulse oximeter.