Effect Of Transcutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation Technique Combined With Exercise on High Post-Void Residual Urine Volume in Post-Menopausal Women

Inclusion Criteria: * a total of 60 women will be recruited from Out- Patient Gynecology Clinic of Beni- Suef University Hospital, Beni-Suef, Egypt. Their ages will be ranged from 45-65 years and their body mass index (BMI) will not exceed 30 kg/m2. Exclusion Criteria: * Women will be excluded from the study, if they were diagnosed with a history of irradiation and/or hormonal therapy in the last six months; the presence of neurological diseases (multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, stroke and Parkinson's disease); the use of anticholinergic drugs, calcium antagonists, b-antagonists, and dopamine antagonists; the presence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP), as measured by a score greater than III by the POP-Q system, predominantly neurogenic or predominantly mixed urinary incontinence populations, chronic physical or mental illness, or failed to complete an informed consent form.