Evaluation of the Sedative Effect of Contextualized Music Listening on Patient Pain and Anxiety in a Dental Care Setting

Rawane El Dimachki30 enrolled

Overview

The goal of this clinical study is to determine whether listening to culturally and personally contextualized music can reduce pain and anxiety in adults undergoing dental procedures. It will also examine how this intervention affects physiological responses related to stress. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does listening to a preselected, patient-chosen musical sequence reduce perceived pain during a dental procedure? * Does the music modulate physiological stress responses, such as heart rate and blood pressure? * Do the analgesic and anxiolytic effects vary depending on the patient's cultural musical preferences (e.g., Mashriq vs. Western music)? How do patients perceive the effectiveness of the music, and how does this relate to physiological and self-reported measures? Researchers will compare periods with and without music during the same dental procedure to evaluate the effect of the musical intervention. Participants will: * Choose a musical sequence from a predefined selection based on relaxing musical characteristics * Undergo a dental treatment involving drilling for caries * Experience alternating phases with and without music during the procedure * Have their heart rate, blood pressure, and pain levels measured at different stages * Complete questionnaires assessing anxiety before the procedure and their experience after the treatment The study includes 30 adult participants and is conducted in a private dental clinic.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

Conditions

Dental Pain

Interventions

Baseline Assessment (T0)BEHAVIORAL

Measurement of baseline physiological parameters (heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) prior to the dental procedure, without any auditory stimulation or dental drilling.

Control Condition - Silence (Pre-Music Phase)BEHAVIORAL

Participants undergo dental drilling for 30 seconds without music. Physiological parameters (heart rate, blood pressure) and perceived pain intensity are recorded to establish control measures prior to the music intervention.

Music Listening Condition (Intervention Phase)BEHAVIORAL

Participants listen to a self-selected musical sequence from a predefined, culturally and personally contextualized playlist starting 2 minutes before and continuing during a 30-second dental drilling period. Physiological parameters (heart rate and blood pressure) and perceived pain intensity are recorded to assess the effects of the music intervention on pain and stress responses.

Control Condition - Silence (Post-Music Phase)BEHAVIORAL

Participants undergo a second 30-second dental drilling period without music following the intervention phase. Physiological parameters and perceived pain intensity are recorded to evaluate post-intervention effects and return to baseline conditions.

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Perceived Pain Intensity

Participants report their pain level during each phase of the dental drilling procedure using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable).

Time frame: At T0 (before the procedure), at T1 (30seconds after initiation of drilling, pre-music), at T2 (150seconds after initiation of the procedure,during music), at T3 (330seconds after initiation of the procedure,post-music) within a single treatment session.

Secondary Outcomes

Heart Rate

Participants' heart rate is continuously monitored using a pulse sensor throughout the procedure to evaluate autonomic nervous system responses.

Time frame: Baseline (before the procedure), T1 (30 seconds after initiation of drilling, pre-music), T2 (150 seconds after initiation of the procedure, during music), T3 (330 seconds after initiation of the procedure, after music) within a single treatment session.

Blood Pressure (Systolic and Diastolic)

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure are measured as indicators of physiological stress during each phase of the dental procedure.

Post-Treatment Perception of Music Effectiveness

After the procedure, participants complete a short questionnaire, a 6-item scale used to evaluate the subjective perception of music's effectiveness in reducing pain and anxiety, as well as overall satisfaction. Each item is scored on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (Not at all) to 7 (Completely). The total score is calculated by summing the responses to all 6 items. The minimum possible total score is 6 and the maximum possible total score is 42. Higher scores indicate a better outcome (greater perceived effectiveness of the music, higher distraction, and higher patient satisfaction).

Time frame: Measured immediately after the dental procedure (post-treatment).